你知道什么是装饰者模式吗？

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-10 22:44:55 发布

Jackeys007

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-10 22:44:55 发布

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分类专栏：设计模式文章标签：设计模式装饰者模式

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/JT518721/article/details/120633074

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这篇博客介绍了装饰者模式的概念及其在咖啡饮品系统中的应用。通过饮料类`Beverage`和装饰者类`CondimentDecorator`，实现了不同种类咖啡的组合与价格计算。例如，意大利浓咖啡、深度烘焙咖啡和混合咖啡等，可以添加摩卡、豆浆或奶泡等配料。在测试类中展示了如何创建和装饰饮品，输出了不同组合的价格和描述，体现了装饰者模式的灵活性。

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一、装饰者模式

动态地将责任附加到对象上。想要扩展功能，装饰提供有别于继承的另一种选择。

二、举例

设计一个饮料类，要求如下

有饮料的名称，价格
可以给饮料加配料

饮料类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 饮料类
 * @ClassName: Beverage
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:22
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public abstract class Beverage {
    /**
     * 饮料描述
     */
    String description = "未知饮料";

    /**
     * 返回饮料描述
     * @return String
     */
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.description;
    }

    /**
     * 计算价格
     * @return double
     */
    public abstract double cost();
}

装饰者类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 调料类，装饰者类
 * @ClassName: Condiment
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:25
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
    public abstract String getDescription();
}

深度烘焙咖啡类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 深度烘焙咖啡
 * @ClassName: DarkRoast
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:47
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public class DarkRoast extends Beverage{

    public DarkRoast(){
        this.description="深度烘焙咖啡";
    }
    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.89;
    }
}

意大利浓咖啡类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 意大利浓咖啡
 * @ClassName: Espresso
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:28
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public class Espresso extends Beverage{

    public Espresso(){
        this.description="意大利浓咖啡";
    }
    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 1.99;
    }
}

混合咖啡类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 混合咖啡
 * @ClassName: HouseBlend
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:31
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage{

    public HouseBlend(){
        this.description="混合咖啡";
    }
    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.89;
    }
}

摩卡类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 摩卡
 * @ClassName: Mocha
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:33
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {

    Beverage beverage;

    public Mocha(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage=beverage;
    }
    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.20+this.beverage.cost();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription()+",摩卡";
    }
}

豆浆类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 豆浆
 * @ClassName: Soy
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:35
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {

    Beverage beverage;
    public Soy(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage=beverage;
    }
    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.88+this.beverage.cost();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription()+",豆浆";
    }
}

奶泡类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 奶泡
 * @ClassName: Whip
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:40
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator{
    Beverage beverage;

    public Whip(Beverage beverage){
        this.beverage=beverage;
    }
    @Override
    public double cost() {
        return 0.77+this.beverage.cost();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return this.beverage.getDescription()+",奶泡";
    }
}

测试类

package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode;

/**
 * @Description: 测试装饰者模式
 * @ClassName: Test
 * @Package com.jackeys.DecoratorMode
 * @Author: Jackeys 1623427047@qq.com
 * @Copyright 版权归Jackeys企业（或个人）所有
 * @CreateTime: 2021/10/7 9:43
 * @Version: 1.0
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Beverage beverage1=new Espresso();
        System.out.println(beverage1.getDescription()+"的价格是"+beverage1.cost()+"美元");
        System.out.println("===========================");
        Beverage beverage2=new DarkRoast();
        beverage2=new Mocha(beverage2);
        beverage2=new Mocha(beverage2);
        beverage2=new Whip(beverage2);
        System.out.println(beverage2.getDescription()+"的价格是"+beverage2.cost()+"美元");
        System.out.println("===========================");
        Beverage beverage3=new HouseBlend();
        beverage3=new Soy(beverage3);
        beverage3=new Mocha(beverage3);
        beverage3=new Whip(beverage3);
        System.out.println(beverage3.getDescription()+"的价格是"+beverage3.cost()+"美元");
        System.out.println("===========================");
    }
}