平均活跃天数和月活人数（sql练习）

用户在牛客试卷作答区作答记录存储在表exam_record中，内容如下：

exam_record表（uid用户ID, exam_id试卷ID, start_time开始作答时间, submit_time交卷时间, score得分）

id	uid	exam_id	start_time	submit_time	score
1	1001	9001	2021-07-02 09:01:01	2021-07-02 09:21:01	80
2	1002	9001	2021-09-05 19:01:01	2021-09-05 19:40:01	81
3	1002	9002	2021-09-02 12:01:01	(NULL)	(NULL)
4	1002	9003	2021-09-01 12:01:01	(NULL)	(NULL)
5	1002	9001	2021-07-02 19:01:01	2021-07-02 19:30:01	82
6	1002	9002	2021-07-05 18:01:01	2021-07-05 18:59:02	90
7	1003	9002	2021-07-06 12:01:01	(NULL)	(NULL)
8	1003	9003	2021-09-07 10:01:01	2021-09-07 10:31:01	86
9	1004	9003	2021-09-06 12:01:01	(NULL)	(NULL)
10	1002	9003	2021-09-01 12:01:01	2021-09-01 12:31:01	81
11	1005	9001	2021-09-01 12:01:01	2021-09-01 12:31:01	88
12	1006	9002	2021-09-02 12:11:01	2021-09-02 12:31:01	89
13	1007	9002	2020-09-02 12:11:01	2020-09-02 12:31:01	89

请计算2021年每个月里试卷作答区用户平均月活跃天数avg_active_days和月度活跃人数mau，上面数据的示例输出如下：

month	avg_active_days	mau
202107	1.50	2
202109	1.25	4

解释：2021年7月有2人活跃，共活跃了3天（1001活跃1天，1002活跃2天），平均活跃天数1.5；2021年9月有4人活跃，共活跃了5天，平均活跃天数1.25，结果保留2位小数。

注：此处活跃指有交卷行为。

示例1

输入：

drop table if exists exam_record;
CREATE TABLE exam_record (
    id int PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增ID',
    uid int NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',
    exam_id int NOT NULL COMMENT '试卷ID',
    start_time datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '开始时间',
    submit_time datetime COMMENT '提交时间',
    score tinyint COMMENT '得分'
)CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

INSERT INTO exam_record(uid,exam_id,start_time,submit_time,score) VALUES
(1001, 9001, '2021-07-02 09:01:01', '2021-07-02 09:21:01', 80),
(1002, 9001, '2021-09-05 19:01:01', '2021-09-05 19:40:01', 81),
(1002, 9002, '2021-09-02 12:01:01', null, null),
(1002, 9003, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', null, null),
(1002, 9001, '2021-07-02 19:01:01', '2021-07-02 19:30:01', 82),
(1002, 9002, '2021-07-05 18:01:01', '2021-07-05 18:59:02', 90),
(1003, 9002, '2021-07-06 12:01:01', null, null),
(1003, 9003, '2021-09-07 10:01:01', '2021-09-07 10:31:01', 86),
(1004, 9003, '2021-09-06 12:01:01', null, null),
(1002, 9003, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 81),
(1005, 9001, '2021-09-01 12:01:01', '2021-09-01 12:31:01', 88),
(1006, 9002, '2021-09-02 12:11:01', '2021-09-02 12:31:01', 89),
(1007, 9002, '2020-09-02 12:11:01', '2020-09-02 12:31:01', 89);

输出：

202107|1.50|2
202109|1.25|4

本题涉及sql知识的综合运用，需要注意的点有：题中的月活跃天数，需要考虑到日期，有些记录的日期是一样的，但是答题的时间是不一样的，如果这些记录的uid是一样的，则是同一个用户的同一天，不能算成是多天，这种情况需要用到DATE()函数获得submit_time的日期，并对其使用group by进行去重；输出要求年月中的月保持两位输出，可以用datepart返回需要的格式，也可以像例中的concat()函数和if()函数判断返回月份的尾数并进行拼接。

select
    b.month,
    round(active_days/count(*),2) avg_active_days,
    count(*) mau
from
    (select
        month,
        count(*) active_days
    from
        (select
            uid,
            concat('2021',if(length(month(submit_time))=1,concat('0',month(submit_time)),month(submit_time))) month
        from
            (select
                uid,
                date(submit_time) submit_time
            from
                exam_record
            where
                year(submit_time)=2021 and submit_time is not null) newt
        group by
            uid,submit_time) a
    group by month) b
    left join
        (select
            month,
            uid,
            count(*) active_user
        from
            (select
                uid,
                concat('2021',if(length(month(submit_time))=1,concat('0',month(submit_time)),month(submit_time))) month
            from
                (select
                    uid,
                    date(submit_time) submit_time
                from
                    exam_record
                where
                    year(submit_time)=2021 and submit_time is not null) newt
            where
                year(submit_time)=2021 and submit_time is not null
            group by
                uid,submit_time) a
        group by
            month,uid) c
    on b.month=c.month
group by
    b.month,active_days
order by
    month