水题。
看别人都说水题。。 我写了一个多小时emmmmm,最后发现是二分查找的退出条件少了个等号。。
一.描述
How far can you make a stack of cards overhang a table? If you have one card, you can create a maximum overhang of half a card length. (We're assuming that the cards must be perpendicular to the table.) With two cards you can make the top card overhang the bottom one by half a card length, and the bottom one overhang the table by a third of a card length, for a total maximum overhang of 1/2 + 1/3 = 5/6 card lengths. In general you can make n cards overhang by 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... + 1/(n + 1) card lengths, where the top card overhangs the second by 1/2, the second overhangs tha third by 1/3, the third overhangs the fourth by 1/4, etc., and the bottom card overhangs the table by 1/(n + 1). This is illustrated in the figure below.
Input
Output
Sample Input
1.00 3.71 0.04 5.19 0.00
Sample Output
3 card(s) 61 card(s) 1 card(s) 273 card(s)
二.分析
n张卡片最终会得到 1/2 + 1/3 + .... + 1/(n+1)的长度,现在反过来,给出一个长度(float)c,询问n最小是多少,才能让和项S(n)>=c
关键的一点是在输入描述的地方给出了c的一个范围,这决定了,n实际上是有一个上界的,对于多次查询的情况,考虑将迭代的结果储存在一个数组中,用查询的方式给出
答案,用空间换取时间
三.二分查找应用的讨论
数组查找!!可以搞一个二分查找来提高效率,尽管这个数组很小,不二分找其实也绰绰有余,但是emmmm
二分查找要考虑到的一个问题是,我们很可能是找不到最终的结果的,我们首先对小于等于0.5的情况返回1,那么会有 a[1] < c < a[Max_n] 的保证,所以我们可以进行
二分查找, 在没能找到的时候,进行回溯,找到符合条件的下标: 考虑以下的几种情况
考虑到 a[1] < c < a[Max_n]
(1)
如果 |(c-a[index])|< 1e-6 => index 就是结果
(2)
如果不存在(1)的情况,那么
a[1] =< a[i] < c < a[j] <= a[Max_n]
考虑 low...i c j.....hig 的情况(low==1, hig==Max_n的情况蕴含在以下讨论中了)
a) 如果 a[mid] > c: hig = mid - 1;
we get:
low...i c j..... hig 和当前情况相同
low...i c hig 之后的更新mid将总是比j小,也就是说a[mid] 总是小于c,这将会使得low不断增大,直到low==hig,此时a[mid]=a[hig]>c
因此我们做更新:hig = mid - 1,退出循环,此时的正确答案应该是low使得a[low]>=c 且low是最小的满足这个不等式的答案
b) 如果 a[mid] < c: low = mid + 1;
we get:
low...i c j....hig 和当前情况相同
low c j...hig 之后如果hig不等于j的话,mid将总是比i大,这导致a[mid]>c,使得hig不断减小,直到hig==j,此时a[mid]=a[i]<c
因此我们做更新:low = mid+1,则low = hig =j, 且a[mid]==a[j]>c,做更新hig=mid-1=i,退出循环,此时的正确答案应该是low使得a[low]>=c;
所以,采用二分查找,如果c<=0.5,返回1
如果找到,返回mid
否则,返回low
四.源代码
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int binSearch(float record[], int low, int hig, float c);
const float eps = 1e-6f;
int main()
{
using namespace std;
float record[277];
float sum = 0;
for (int n = 1; n <= 276; ++n) {
sum += 1.0f / (n+1);
record[n] = sum;
}
cin >> sum;
while (sum >= 0.01 && sum <= 5.20) {
cout << binSearch(record, 1, 276, sum) << " card(s)" << endl;
cin >> sum;
}
return 0;
}
int binSearch(float record[], int low, int hig, float c)
{
if (c <= 0.5)
return 1;
int mid = (low + hig) / 2;
while (low <= hig) {
if (c < record[mid])
hig = mid - 1;
else if (c > record[mid])
low = mid + 1;
else
break;
mid = (low + hig) / 2;
}
if (fabs(c - record[mid]) < eps)
return mid;
return low;
}