关于链家全网房价数据分析挖掘项目

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Jack_kun/article/details/82821157

本文详细介绍了对链家全网房价数据的分析过程，涉及数据探索、特征工程、模型建立等步骤。通过对面积、查看次数、产权、装修程度等多个因素的深入分析，构建了包括Lasso、ENet、KRR、GBoost、xgboost和LightGBM在内的多个预测模型，并进行了模型融合以提升预测效果。

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**关于链家全网房价数据分析挖掘项目**

数据说明

数据信息：

数据量：40多万条观测，20多个列变量
时间：2018年5月前

数据来源

作者：田昕峣
获取方式：https://github.com/XinyaoTian/lianjia_Spider

项目目标

建立单位面积房价的预测模型

内容目录

1 数据导入
2 数据探索：
3 数据处理：
4 绘图分析
5 建立模型

数据导入

import numpy as np 
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif' # 解决负号是方块
%matplotlib notebook

import seaborn as sns
color = sns.color_palette()
sns.set_style('darkgrid')
import warnings
def ignore_warn(*args, **kwargs):
    pass
warnings.warn = ignore_warn

import re
from scipy import stats
from scipy.stats import norm, skew


pd.set_option('display.float_format', lambda x: '{:.3f}'.format(x)) #Limiting floats output
pd.set_option('display.max_columns',40) # 显示隐藏

dataset = pd.read_csv('./houseInfo.csv')

a = dataset.ix[1, 'info_cluster']

dataset.head(5)

	introduction_house	community_house	href_house	unit_house	size_house	direction_house	decoration_house	elevator_house	type_house	years_house	area_house	interests_house	watch_times	submit_period	years_period	tax_free	total_price	smeter_price	region	info_cluster	info_flood	info_follow
0	电梯花园洋房，开发商精装修带家具家电，小区人车分流	麓山国际帕萨迪纳3组	https://cd.lianjia.com/ershoufang/106101085290...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	麓山	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	250.000	单价25492元/平米	cd	\| 2室2厅 \| 98.07平米 \| 南 \| 其他 \| 有电梯	高楼层(共9层)2008年建板塔结合 -	3人关注 / 共0次带看 / 2个月以前发布
1	天府新区麓山国际跃层洋房纯清水出售	麓山国际塞尔维蒙	https://cd.lianjia.com/ershoufang/106101067528...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	麓山	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	420.000	单价20389元/平米	cd	\| 叠拼别墅 \| 5室1厅 \| 206平米 \| 南 \| 其他 \| 无电梯	上叠(共4层)2008年建暂无数据 -	36人关注 / 共2次带看 / 2个月以前发布
2	麓山国际半月湾跃层，户型通透采光良好楼距开阔视野好	麓山国际半月湾	https://cd.lianjia.com/ershoufang/106101136261...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	麓山	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	275.000	单价24512元/平米	cd	\| 2室2厅 \| 112.19平米 \| 东南 \| 其他	高楼层(共16层)2013年建板楼 -	43人关注 / 共1次带看 / 1个月以前发布
3	中丝园装修套三单卫带车位 !	心怡中丝园	https://cd.lianjia.com/ershoufang/106101229408...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	麓山	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	193.000	单价22043元/平米	cd	\| 3室2厅 \| 87.56平米 \| 南 \| 其他 \| 有电梯	高楼层(共33层)2015年建板塔结合 -	1人关注 / 共0次带看 / 12天以前发布
4	麓山国际因特拉肯A区+套三双卫+对中庭+看湖带装修	麓山国际茵特拉肯A	https://cd.lianjia.com/ershoufang/106101233740...	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	麓山	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	300.000	单价23303元/平米	cd	\| 3室2厅 \| 128.74平米 \| 西南 \| 其他	中楼层(共11层)2016年建板楼 -	0人关注 / 共0次带看 / 10天以前发布

数据探索：

查看数据集中的变量情况

dataset.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 474301 entries, 0 to 474300
Data columns (total 22 columns):
introduction_house    474301 non-null object
community_house       474301 non-null object
href_house            474301 non-null object
unit_house            38137 non-null object
size_house            38137 non-null object
direction_house       38137 non-null object
decoration_house      38109 non-null object
elevator_house        37093 non-null object
type_house            38137 non-null object
years_house           38100 non-null object
area_house            474301 non-null object
interests_house       38137 non-null object
watch_times           38137 non-null object
submit_period         38137 non-null object
years_period          30543 non-null object
tax_free              35260 non-null object
total_price           474301 non-null float64
smeter_price          474301 non-null object
region                474301 non-null object
info_cluster          436164 non-null object
info_flood            436164 non-null object
info_follow           436164 non-null object
dtypes: float64(1), object(21)
memory usage: 79.6+ MB

dataset.describe()

	total_price
count	474301.000
mean	329.913
std	371.062
min	4.000
25%	143.000
50%	235.000
75%	390.000
max	60000.000

# 检查数据维度
print("训练集特征前的size：",dataset.shape)

训练集特征前的size： (474301, 22)

数据处理：

def size_help_func(x):
#     pattern = re.compile(r'\d+')
#     match = pattern.search(x) 
    x = str(x)
    x = x.replace('平方米','')
    x = x.replace('平米','')
    x = x.replace('米','')
    
    if (('室' in x) | ('厅' in x)|(x=='nan')|('车位' in x)|('房' in x)|('墅' in x)):
        num = 0
    else:
        num = float(x)

#     if ('米' in (x))==True:
#         x = x.replace('平米','')
#         num = float(x.strip())
        
#     else:
#         num = 0

    return num

def info_func(x):
    
    if '平米' in str(x):
        a = x.split('平米')[0].split('|')[-1].strip()
        if len(a)>1 :
            num = a
        else:
            num = 0.0
    else:
        num = 0.0
    return num
    
def size_func(x,y):
    a = size_help_func(x)
    b = info_func(y)
    
    if a == 0.0:
        if ('车位' not in str(b)):
            num = float(b)
        else:
            num = a
    else:
        num =a
    
    return num

def size_addcata_func(a):
#     a = watch_time_func(x)
    if a <= 10:
        label = str(1)
    else:
        label = str(0)
    return label


def watch_time_func(x):
    if str(x) == 'nan':
        num = -1
    else:
        a = x.split('次')[0].strip()
        num = int(a)
    return num

def watch_time_addcata_func(x):
#     a = watch_time_func(x)
    if x == -1:
        label = str(1)
    else:
        label = str(0)
    return label

def interests_house_func(x):
    if str(x) == 'nan':
        num = -1
    else:
        a = x.split('人')[0].strip()
        num = int(a)
    return num

def interests_house_addcata_func(x):
#     a = interests_house_func(x)
    if x == -1:
        label = str(1)
    else:
        label = str(0)
    return label

def submit_period_func(x):
    if str(x) == 'nan':
        num = -1
    elif '刚刚' in str(x):
        num = 0
    elif '年' in str(x):
        a = x.split('年')[0].strip()
        if a == '一':
            num = 365
        elif a == '二':
            num = 730
        else:
            num = 1000
    elif '个月' in x:
        a = x.split('个月')[0].strip()
        num = int(a)* 30
    elif '天' in x:
        a = x.split('天')[0].strip()
        num = int(a)
    else:
        num = -2
    return num

def submit_period_addcata_func(x):
    a = submit_period_func(x)
    if a == -2:
        label = 3
    elif a == -1:
        label = 2
    elif a == 1000:
        label = 1
    else:
        label = 0
    return str(label)

def years_period_func(x):
    if str(x) == 'nan':
        label = str(0)
    else:
        label = str(1)
    return label
# def tax_free_func(x):
#     if str(x) == 'nan':
#         label = str(0)
#     else:
#         label = str(1)
#     return label

def smeter_price_func(x):
    a = x.split('元')[0].replace('单价','')
    if len(a) <= 3:
        num = -1
    else:
        num = int(a)
    return num

def direction_func(x,y,z):
    x = str(x)
    y = str(y)
    z = str(z)
    dir_list = ['东','西','南','北']
    if ((dir_list[0] in x)|(dir_list[1] in x)|(dir_list[2] in x)|(dir_list[3] in x)):
        label = x
    elif (dir_list[0] in y)|(dir_list[1] in y)|(dir_list[2] in y)|(dir_list[3] in y):
        label = y
    elif (dir_list[0] in z)|(dir_list[1] in z)|(dir_list[2] in z)|(dir_list[3] in z):
        a = z.split('|')
        for value in a:
            if (dir_list[0] in value)|(dir_list[1] in value)|(dir_list[2] in value)|(dir_list[3] in value):
                label = value
            else:
                label = 'nodata'
    else:
        label = 'nodata'
    
    return label

def decoration_func(x,y,z):
    x = str(x)
    y = str(y)
    z = str(z)
    dir_list = ['精装', '其他', '毛坯', '简装']
    if ((dir_list[0] in x)|(dir_list[1] in x)|(dir_list[2] in x)|(dir_list[3] in x)):
        label = x.strip()
    elif (dir_list[0] in y)|(dir_list[1] in y)|(dir_list[2] in y)|(dir_list[3] in y):
        label = y.strip()
    elif (dir_list[0] in z)|(dir_list[1] in z)|(dir_list[2] in z)|(dir_list[3] in z):
        a = z.split('|')
        for value in a:
            if (dir_list[0] in value)|(dir_list[1] in value)|(dir_list[2] in value)|(dir_list[3] in value):
                label = value.strip()
            else:
                label = 'nodata'
    else:
        label = 'nodata'
        
    return label

def elevator_func(x,y,z):
    '''
    x-decoration_house
    y-elevator_house
    z-info_cluster
    '''
    x = str(x)
    y = str(y)
    z = str(z)
    dir_list = ['有电梯', '无电梯']
    if (dir_list[0] in x)|(dir_list[1] in x):
        label = x.strip()
    elif (dir_list[0] in y)|(dir_list[1] in y):
        label = y.strip()
    elif (dir_list[0] in z)|(dir_list[1] in z):
        a = z.split('|')
        for value in a:
            if (dir_list[0] in value)|(dir_list[1] in value):
                label = value.strip()
            else:
                label = 'nodata'
    else:
        label = 'nodata'
    return label

def floor_type_func(x):
    x = str(x)
    if '共' in x:
        a = x.split('(')[0]
        label = a
    elif '层' in x:
        a = x.split('层')[0]
        a = int(a)
        if a <=1:
            label = '底层'
        elif (a >1)|(a<6):
            label = '低楼层'
        elif (a >=6)|(a<15):
            label = '中楼层'
        else:
            label = '高楼层'
    elif '平房' in x:
        label = '底层'
    elif x == 'nan':
        label = 'nodata'
    else:
        label = 'nodata'
    return label

def years_house_type_func(x,y):
    x = str(x)
    y = str(y)
    type_list = ['板塔','板','塔','平房','叠']
    if (type_list[0] in x)|(type_list[0] in y):
        label = '板塔'
    elif (type_list[1] in x)|(type_list[1] in y):
        label = '板'
    elif (type_list[2] in x)|(type_list[2] in y):
        label = '塔'
    elif (type_list[3] in x)|(type_list[3] in y):
        label = '平房'
    elif (type_list[4] in x)|(type_list[4] in y):
        label = '别墅'
    else:
        label = 'nodata'
    return label

def years_house_year_func(x,y):
    x = str(x)
    y = str(y)
    if ('年' in x):
        a = x.split('年')[0].replace('\'','').strip()
        num = int(a)
    elif ('年' in y):
        a = y.split('年')[0].replace('\'',''