在ANSI C、Unix、Windows编程中,都定义有三个标准设备,即标准输入设备、标准输出设备以及标准错误设备。
标准输入设备通常是键盘
标准输出设备通常是屏幕
标准错误设备通常是屏幕
1) 标准设备
在ANSI C编程中,三个标准设备分别是:stdin,stdout,stderr
在stdio.h中有如下定义
#define stdin (&_iob[0])
#define stdout (&_iob[1])
#define stderr (&_iob[2])
一个使用标准设备的例子如下
/*
* FileName: Stand_C_Device.cpp
* Author: JarvisChu
* Date: 2012-11-07
*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int n;
fscanf(stdin,"%d",&n); //keyboard default
fprintf(stdout,"%d\n",n); //screen default
fprintf(stderr, "This is stderr\n");//screen default
return 0;
}
2) Windows定义有三个标准设备
Windows编程中,也同样存在这样三个标准设备,只不过我们不用stdin这样的方式去使用,而是使用Windows API先获取这个三个标准设备的句柄,然后通过句柄去使用标准设备。
通过Handle GetStdHandle(DWORD nStdHandle)来获取标准设备的句柄
nStdHandle :STD_INPUT_HANDLE
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
STD_ERROR_HANDLE
标准输入\输出\错误设备,默认也是键盘\屏幕\屏幕,但是我们可以通过调用函数 BOOL SetStdHandle(DWORD nStdHandle,Handle hHandle)来重置标准设备。
/*
* FileName: Stand_Windows_Device.cpp
* Author: JarvisChu
* Date: 2012-11-07
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#define BUFF_SIZE 256
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
DWORD nRead;
DWORD nWrite;
TCHAR buf[BUFF_SIZE];
HANDLE hStd_Input = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE); //Get the standard input device
HANDLE hStd_Output = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); //Get the standard input device
HANDLE hStd_Error = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE); //Get the standard error device
//read from stdinput, and write to stdoutput
while(ReadFile(hStd_Input,buf,BUFF_SIZE,&nRead,NULL) && nRead>0)
{
if(!WriteFile(hStd_Output,buf,nRead,&nWrite,NULL) || nRead != nWrite)
{
WriteFile(hStd_Error,"WriteFile Error",sizeof(TCHAR)*15,NULL,NULL);
}
break; //For the purpose of testing,just read one line
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Standard Input Redirection
HANDLE hFileIn = CreateFile("in.txt",GENERIC_READ,FILE_SHARE_READ,NULL,OPEN_EXISTING,0,NULL);
//the two statements below complete the redirection
SetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE,hFileIn); //set the hFileIn as the standard input device
HANDLE newStd_Input = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE); //Get the standard input device,now is hFileIn
while(ReadFile(newStd_Input,buf,BUFF_SIZE,&nRead,NULL) && nRead>0)
{
WriteFile(hStd_Output,buf,nRead,&nWrite,NULL);
}
SetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE,hStd_Input); //Reset the Standard Input Device to default
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Standard Output Redirection
HANDLE hFileOut = CreateFile("out.txt",GENERIC_WRITE,FILE_SHARE_READ,NULL,OPEN_ALWAYS,0,NULL);
//the two statements below complete the redirection
SetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE,hFileOut); //set the hFileIn as the standard input device
HANDLE newStd_Output = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); //Get the standard output device,now is hFileout
while(ReadFile(hStd_Input,buf,BUFF_SIZE,&nRead,NULL) && nRead>0)
{
WriteFile(newStd_Output,buf,nRead,&nWrite,NULL);
break; //For the purpose of testing,just read one line
}
//Reset the Standard IO Device to default
SetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE,hStd_Output);
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//Close Handles
CloseHandle(hFileIn);
CloseHandle(hFileOut);
CloseHandle(hStd_Input);
CloseHandle(hStd_Input);
CloseHandle(newStd_Input);
CloseHandle(newStd_Output);
return 0;
}
其中in.txt中的内容如下
博客地址
blog.csdn.net/jarvischu
程序运行效果如下:
![](https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201211/07/1352282901_1168.png)
3) Windows 控制台IO
对于标准的输入输出设备,我们可以不用ReadFile WriteFile函数来操作,直接使用ReadConsole和WriteConsole来读写控制台,
使用SetConsoleMode来设置控制台的模式
/* * FileName: Windows_Console_IO.cpp * Author: JarvisChu * Date: 2012-11-07 */ #include <stdio.h> #include <windows.h> #include <tchar.h> #define BUFF_SIZE 256 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { HANDLE hStdIn, hStdOut; TCHAR buf[BUFF_SIZE]; DWORD nRead, nWrite; //CONIN$ is the default path of Console Input //CONOUT$ is the default path of Console Output hStdIn = CreateFile(_T("CONIN$"),GENERIC_WRITE|GENERIC_READ,0,NULL,OPEN_ALWAYS,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,NULL); hStdOut = CreateFile(_T("CONOUT$"),GENERIC_WRITE,0,NULL,OPEN_ALWAYS,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,NULL); SetConsoleMode(hStdIn,ENABLE_LINE_INPUT|ENABLE_WINDOW_INPUT|ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT|ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT|ENABLE_MOUSE_INPUT); SetConsoleMode(hStdOut,ENABLE_PROCESSED_OUTPUT|ENABLE_WRAP_AT_EOL_OUTPUT); ReadConsole(hStdIn,buf,BUFF_SIZE,&nRead,NULL); WriteConsole(hStdOut,buf,nRead,&nWrite,NULL); CloseHandle(hStdIn); CloseHandle(hStdOut); return 0; }