MapReduce
概述
分布式程序的编程框架,是基于Hadoop的数据分析应用的核心框架。其功能是将用户编写的业务逻辑代码和自带默认组件整合成一个完整的分布是运算程序,并发的运行在Hadoop集群上
特点
优点:
- 易于编程
- 良好的拓展性
- 高容错性
- 适合处理PB级别以上的离线处理
缺点:
- 不擅长做实时计算
- 不擅长做流式计算(MapReduce的数据源是静态的)
- 不支持DAG(有向图)计算(Spark)
- 适合处理PB级别以上的离线处理
MapReduce的WordCount源代码分析
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;
public class WordCount {
//继承泛型类Mapper
public static class TokenizerMapper
extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable>{
//定义hadoop数据类型IntWritable实例one,并且赋值为1
private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
//定义hadoop数据类型Text实例word
private Text word = new Text();
//实现map函数
public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context)throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//Java的字符串分解类,默认分隔符“空格”、“制表符(‘\t’)”、“换行符(‘\n’)”、“回车符(‘\r’)”
StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
//遍历是否还有分隔符
while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
// nextToken():返回从当前位置到下一个分隔符的字符串,word.set():Java数据类型与hadoop数据类型转换
word.set(itr.nextToken());
//hadoop全局类context输出函数write
context.write(word, one);
} //while
} //map()
} //static class TokenizerMapper
//继承泛型类Reducer
public static class IntSumReducer extends Reducer<Text,IntWritable,Text,IntWritable> {
//实例化IntWritable
private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();
//实现reduce
public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,Context context)throws IOException, InterruptedException {
int sum = 0;
//遍历values,并记录单词个数
for (IntWritable val : values) {
sum += val.get();
}
//Java数据类型sum,转换为hadoop数据类型result
result.set(sum);
//输出结果到hdfs
context.write(key, result);
} //reduce
} //static class IntSumReducer
//主函数
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//实例化Configuration
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
/*
*GenericOptionsParser是hadoop框架中解析命令行参数的基本类。 getRemainingArgs();返回数组
*函数实现
*public String[] getRemainingArgs() {
return (commandLine == null) ? new String[]{} : commandLine.getArgs();
*/
String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
//如果只有一个路径,则输出需要有输入路径和输出路径
if (otherArgs.length != 2) {
System.err.println("Usage: wordcount <in> <out>");
System.exit(2);
}
//实例化job
Job job = new Job(conf, "word count");
//为了能够找到wordcount这个类
job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
//指定map类型
job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
//指定CombinerClass类
job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
//指定reduce类
job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
//rduce输出Key的类型,是Text
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
// rduce输出Value的类型
job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
//添加输入路径
FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));
//添加输出路径
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[1]));
//提交job
System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
} //main()
} //class WordCount