装饰模式

通常为了给一个类增加行为,我们会使用继承机制,但是继承机制是静态的,用户不能控制增加行为的方式和时机。而在装饰模式这一设计模式中,我们可以动态的给一个对象增加一些额外的功能,比继承更有灵活性,利于扩展,满足设计模式中的一个重要原则，对修改关闭(避免引入bug)对扩展开放(程序具有弹性)。装饰模式包括如下角色,Component抽象构建,ConcreteComponent具体构建,Decorator抽象装饰类,ConcreteDecorator具体装饰类,这几个角色的类图关系如下

拿咖啡来举例

咖啡店会提供很多种咖啡,比如HouseBlend,DarkRoast,Espresso,Decaf四种咖啡类型,而调料有Milk,Mocha,Soy,Whip四种调料,如果使用继承的方式那么会有HouseBlendWithMilk,HouseWithMocha,HouseWithSoy,HouseWithWhip,DarkWithMilk…等12个类。而且这还不包括HouseBlendWith2Milk,也就是说调料加倍的情况

装饰模式可以比较好的解决这个问题

装饰模式演示如下演示

抽象类构建也就是基本的饮料类

public abstract class Beverage {
    protected String description = "Unknown Beverage";

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public abstract int cost();

}

DarkRoast类继承Beverage并给出具体的价格

public class DarkRoast extends Beverage {

    public DarkRoast() {
        description = "darkroast";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return 90;
    }
}

public class Espresso extends Beverage {

    public Espresso() {
        description = "Espresso";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return 85;
    }
}

public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {

    public HouseBlend() {
        description = "House Blend Coffee";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return 20;
    }

}

抽象装饰类继承抽象构建

public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {

}

Mocha调料

public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
    private Beverage beverage;

    public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }


    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",Mocha";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return beverage.cost() + 30;
    }
}

public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {

    private Beverage beverage;

    public Soy(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription()+",soy";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return beverage.cost() + 25;
    }
}

public class Whip extends CondimentDecorator {

    private Beverage beverage;

    public Whip(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription() + ",whip";
    }

    @Override
    public int cost() {
        return beverage.cost() + 56;
    }
}

演示

public class CoffeeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
        System.out.println("description -> " + beverage.getDescription() + ",cost -> " + beverage.cost());
        Beverage beverage1 = new DarkRoast();
        beverage1 = new Mocha(beverage1);
        beverage1 = new Mocha(beverage1);
        beverage1 = new Whip(beverage1);
        System.out.println("description -> " + beverage1.getDescription() + ",cost -> " + beverage1.cost());
    }
}