「节能学院」浅谈智能安全配电装置在养老福利单位的研究与应用

摘要

2020年，我国65岁及以上老年人口数量为1.91亿，老龄化率达到13.5%。总体来看，大部分省市的养老机构数量还较少。养老设施的建设与民生息息相关，养老院的电气安全也非常重要。如果发生电气火灾，对于行动不便的老年群体非常不利，所以，需要建设干净，整洁，卫生，而且安全的养老环境很有必要。AISD系列智能安全配电装置是安科瑞电气有限公司专门为低压配电侧开发的一款智能安全用电产品，本产品主要针对低压配电侧人身触电安全事故、线路老化、漏电引起电气火灾等等常见隐患而设计。在老有所养的情况下，老年群体能够舒服的养老更加重要。关注电气火灾预防与治理，能够保障老年群体的生命和财产安全。

By 2020, China will have 191 million people aged 65 and over, with an aging rate of 13.5 percent. Overall, the number of pension institutions in most provinces and cities is still relatively small. The construction of old-age facilities is closely related to people's livelihood, and the electric safety of the old-age homes is also very important. If electric fire happens, it will be very disadvantageous to the aged group with mobility disability. Therefore, it is necessary to build a clean, tidy, sanitary and safe environment for the aged. AISD series intelligent and safe power distribution device is a kind of intelligent and safe power supply product specially developed for low-voltage power distribution side by Ankerui Electric Co. , Ltd. , this product is mainly aimed at low-voltage distribution side personal electric shock safety accident, line aging, leakage caused by electrical fire and other common hidden dangers and design. In the case of old age support, the elderly group can be more important comfortable old age. Pay attention to electrical fire prevention and management, can protect the lives and property of the elderly groups.

关键词：养老院；敬老院；福利院；疗养院；触电保护；短路灭弧；人身安全

Key Words: Nursing Home; nursing home; welfare home; nursing home; electric shock protection; short circuit arc extinguishing; personal safety

0 行业背景

截至2020年11月1日，我国的总人口数量为14.12亿，仍保持增长状态。但是，我们的出生率在逐年下滑，而死亡率基本持平。我们的老龄化率也在加速上升，2020年，我国65岁及以上老年人口数量为1.91亿，老龄化率达到13.5%。

As of November 1,2020, China's total population of 1.412 billion, still maintained growth. But our birth rate is declining year by year, and our death rate is basically flat. Our aging rate is also accelerating, reaching 13.5 percent in 2020, with 191 million people aged 65 and over.

尽管老龄化会带来一些不利因素，但是我们新中国特色社会主义坚持以人民为中心的发展思想从来没变。党的十九大报告明确提出要在幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶上不断取得新进展。这实际上为我们的社会福利体系提出了一个基本蓝图，就是要以“全生命周期”为出发点提供基本公共服务的任务清单。

Although aging will bring some disadvantages, but our new socialism with Chinese characteristics adhere to the people-centered development philosophy has never changed. The report to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) clearly stated that new progress should be made in the areas of early childhood education, education, work, medical care, support for the elderly, housing and support for the weak. This actually provides a basic blueprint for our social welfare system, a list of tasks to deliver basic public services from a "life-cycle" point of departure.

目前，国内现存的养老院分布大多分散且体量较小；同时，国营养老院仍然占据市场地位。而在国家养老PPP模式的推动下，以及民营机构运营的不断提升，预计未来公办民营性质的养老院数量将有所增加。

At present, most of the existing nursing homes in China are scattered and small in size, and state-run nursing homes still occupy the market position. In the future, the number of public and private nursing homes is expected to increase under the impetus of the national old-age PPP model and the continuous improvement of the operation of private institutions.

从养老院区域分布情况来看，据前瞻产业研究院发布的《中国养老院行业市场前瞻与投资规划分析报告》统计数据显示，目前，我国四川省拥有各类养老院2386家，在全国所占比重为8.13%；其次是江苏省，养老院数量也在2000家以上；此外，包括山东、辽宁、广东等在内的11个省份养老院服务机构数量占比也相对较大，数量在1000家以上。但是，总体来看，大部分省市的养老机构数量还较少。

According to the regional distribution of nursing homes, according to the "China Nursing Home Industry Market Outlook and Investment Planning Analysis Report" released by the forward-looking industry research institute, statistics show that at present, china's Sichuan province has 2,386 nursing homes of various types, accounting for 8.13 percent of the country's total, followed by Jiangsu province, which also has more than 2,000 nursing homes, the number of nursing homes in 11 provinces, including Shandong, Liaoning and Guangdong, is also relatively large, with more than 1,000. However, overall, the number of pension institutions in most provinces and cities is still relatively small.

养老设施的建设与民生息息相关，养老院的电气安全也非常重要。如果发生电气火灾，对于行动不便的老年群体非常不利，所以，需要建设干净，整洁，卫生，而且安全的养老环境很有必要。

The construction of old-age facilities is closely related to people's livelihood, and the electric safety of the old-age homes is also very important. If electric fire happens, it will be very disadvantageous to the aged group with mobility disability. Therefore, it is necessary to build a clean, tidy, sanitary and safe environment for the aged.

1 产品介绍

AISD系列智能安全配电装置是安科瑞电气有限公司专门为低压配电侧开发的一款智能安全用电产品，本产品主要针对低压配电侧人身触电安全事故、线路老化、漏电引起电气火灾等等常见隐患而设计。

AISD series intelligent and safe power distribution device is a kind of intelligent and safe power supply product specially developed for low-voltage power distribution side by Ankerui Electric Co. , Ltd. , this product is mainly aimed at low-voltage distribution side personal electric shock safety accident, line aging, leakage caused by electrical fire and other common hidden dangers and design.

产品主要应用于学校、教育机构、医院、疗养院、康复中心、敬老院、酒店娱乐、商场商铺、企事业单位、家庭电器等各类低压用电的场合。

Products are mainly used in schools, educational institutions, hospitals, sanatoriums, rehabilitation centers, homes for the aged, hotels and entertainment, shopping malls, enterprises and institutions, home appliances and other low-voltage occasions.

2 功能介绍

供电稳定性。负载端发生单相接地故障，装置报警，系统可持续供电，不会切断电源。

供电安全性。装置可以把系统的漏电流限制在很小的级别，人体无意触碰到供电线路，不会造成触电事故。

限流灭弧。系统发生短路故障，装置能快速切断电源，不会出现电弧火花。

过载保护。装置监测到系统过载，可以及时切断电源，避免因过载引起线路故障。

电压监测。装置实时监测系统电压，发生过、欠压时，发出报警信号，可以设置是否切断电源。

报警功能。在系统发生短路、过载、欠压等异常时，装置发出声光报警信号，提醒相关人员。

事件记录。装置存储20条事件记录，可供用户查询。

通讯功能。装置配置RS485通讯接口，Modbus-RTU协议，可以远程读取相关数据。可选配无线通讯模块，无线方式将数据发送到云平台。

Power supply stability. Single-phase to ground fault occurs at the load end, the device alarms, the system can supply power continuously, will not cut off the power supply.

Power supply security. The device can limit the leakage current of the system to a very small level, the human body accidentally touched the power supply line, will not cause an electric shock accident.

Current limiting arc extinguishing. System short-circuit failure, the device can quickly cut off the power supply, there will be no arc spark.

Overload protection. The device detects system overload and can cut off power supply in time to avoid line fault caused by overload.

Voltage Monitoring. Device real-time monitoring system voltage, occurred, under-voltage, issued an alarm signal, you can set whether to cut off the power supply.

Alarm function. In the system short-circuit, overload, under-voltage and other anomalies, the device issued a sound and light alarm signal to alert the relevant personnel.

Event record. The device stores 20 event records that can be queried by the user.

Communication function. The device is equipped with RS485 communication interface, Modbus-RTU protocol, which can read related data remotely. Optional wireless communication module, wireless way to send data to the cloud platform.

3 技术指标

4 系统组网

AISD系列智能安全配电装置可以通过有线通讯的方式接入电气火灾监控主机，也可以通过无线通讯的方式接入安全用电管理云平台或者其他云平台，方便管理人员对所有安装了智能安全配电装置的养老场所进行维护，管理。

The AISD series intelligent safe power distribution device can connect to the electric fire monitoring host through wired communication, and also can connect to the safe power management cloud platform or other cloud platform through wireless communication, it is convenient for the manager to maintain and manage all the old-age places equipped with intelligent and safe power distribution devices.

5 结语

随着我国养老规划中提出大力发展居家社区养老服务、公办养老机构改革、支持社会力量兴办养老机构、加强农村养老服务、完善医养结合机制等措施。我国居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充、医养相结合的养老服务体系更加健全。未来养老院的发展将兼顾公益性和营利性，政府与市场相结合。养老院的发展方式将更加多元化，将出现类似民办公助、公建民营的新模式。

As China's old-age planning put forward to develop home community old-age services, reform of public old-age institutions, support social forces to set up old-age institutions, strengthen rural old-age services, improve the mechanism of medical care. China's home-based, community-based, institutions as a complement, the combination of medical care for the elderly service system is more sound. In the future, the development of nursing homes will take into account both public welfare and profit-making, the government and the market. The development of the nursing home will be more diversified, and there will be a new model similar to the public-funded and public-funded private sector.

在老有所养的情况下，老年群体能够舒服的养老更加重要。关注电气火灾预防与治理，能够保障老年群体的生命和财产安全。

In the case of old-age support, it is more important for the elderly group to be able to provide for the aged comfortably.Pay attention to electrical fire prevention and management, can guarantee the life and property safety of the elderly.