为什么微软的 Phi-4 14B 比 GPT-4o 和 o1 强太多了 —

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/JellyAI/article/details/147701725

🚀 本文由一位4年实战出身的AI软硬件一体化解决者整理，专注从芯片、电路、GPU部署 → Linux系统、推理引擎 → 模型训练应用的完整链路。如果你也想搞懂AI模型部署、做自己的项目，建议收藏本文细读，有问题欢迎交流。

2024 年 1 月 7 日，微软在 Hugging Face 上发布了小型语言模型（SLM）“Phi-4”。这个模型采用 MIT 协议发布，可以自由用于商业用途并加以修改。

Phi-4 是微软“Phi”系列的最新模型，虽然是轻量级的，但在某些领域表现出色。特别是在数学推理方面，它的准确度甚至超过了一些大规模语言模型（LLM），在专门任务上的应用也因此受到关注。

Phi-4 通过高质量的数据和全新的后训练技术提升了准确度，并已发布至 Azure AI Foundry 和 Hugging Face。

这个模型的规模是 14B，如果是 4-bit 量化模型，基本上在一张还可以的显卡上就能跑起来。Meta 的 Llama3.2 和 Google 的 Gemma2 这两个开源模型的最小版本分别是 1B 和 2B，那这个就大了一整圈。

我不太清楚微软对“小型”的定义是什么，不过反正这是个可以自由使用、很好上手的模型。

在这个逐步引导里，我们会讲清楚 Phi-4 是什么、Phi-4 有什么特别之处、怎么在本地用 Phi-4、以及为什么它比 LLM 表现更好。

Phi-4 是什么？

Phi-4 是一种尝试，展示一种与传统 AI 模型不同的路径。它的特点是参数量相对较小，仅有 140 亿，但相比 Google 的 Gemini Pro 1.5 等大规模 AI 模型却表现出更强的性能。

尤其值得注意的是它在数学推理方面的高能力。在由美国数学协会（MAA）主办的美国数学竞赛（AMC）上，Phi-4 在需要逻辑思维的问题（比如复杂方程求解和数学证明）中超过了大模型。

这个结果说明它在那些对数字计算精度要求极高的领域（比如科研、工程、金融建模）中有使用的可能性。

Phi-4 有什么特别之处？

Phi-4 的基准测试结果如下：

在 MATH 和 MGSM 测试中得分超过 80%，比 Google Gemini Pro 和 OpenAI 的 GPT-4o-mini 表现更好。
数学推理技能表现优异，这在金融、工程和科研领域非常重要。
在程序测试 HumanEval 上表现良好。

另外，Phi-4 的架构和训练过程非常强调精度与效率。它是一个 140 亿参数的纯解码器 Transformer 模型，在一个共计 9.8 万亿 token 的混合真实与合成数据集上训练而成。

在训练方法上，微软团队使用了监督微调和 DPO（直接偏好优化）方法，以确保性能可靠，同时解决公平性和稳定性等问题。

微软强调 Phi-4 的训练过程遵循负责任的 AI 开发原则，并进行了大量的安全评估，包括攻击测试，以降低偏见、有害内容和错误信息的风险。

本地安装

💡 像这种本地部署场景，其实正是我这类AI开发从业者最常解决的问题之一。项目落地中遇到性能瓶颈、模型运行不了、参数不清楚……我们都踩过坑，也做过商业化落地。想搞AI项目但不知道怎么配套软硬件？可以看完这部分内容后私信我聊聊。

在 Hugging Face 上的模型体积相当大，大概有 30GB，我的电脑跑起来有点吃力。

我当时在想是不是可以通过 4-bit 量化之类的方法让它能跑起来，结果发现 Ollama 已经提供了一个量化成 Q4_K_M 的模型，真是谢天谢地，于是我借用了它，并想分享一下我记的操作笔记。

下载

ollama run phi4

注意：模型加载到内存后会超过 10GB，所以如果你在 CPU 上跑，需要有至少那么多的内存空闲；如果你在 GPU 上跑，那 GPU 显存也必须至少这么多，否则会报错。

如果模型下载成功，你会看到这个提示：

>>> Send a message (/? for help)

看到这个提示之后，就可以试着发送消息啦。如果你是在 GPU 加速环境下跑，响应速度会非常快。

>>> Hello!

Hello! Please let me know how I can assist you. If you have any questions, feel free to ask.

>>> Send a message (/? for help)

就这么简单，我现在就能在本地用 Phi-4 啦！这真的太方便了！

现在，你可以用 Ollama 在自己电脑上轻松跑起 Phi-4！甚至还有 REST API！

这就意味着，一个接近 70B 参数性能的模型可以在一台笔记本上跑起来，借助 Ollama 的 REST API 功能，可以很快设置好一个环境，让别的应用和库本地调用。未来怎么用它，还有很多玩法值得期待。

Phi-4 vs GPT-4o vs o1

我们来对比一下 o1 和 GPT-4o，并验证一下 Phi-4 的表现到底如何。

接下来我想给出一些应用问题，看看和 GPT-4o 以及 o1 的结果是不是不一样，以及是否更简洁。

我们要测试的问题如下：

求以下数列的第 20 项：1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, …
某银行提供年利率 5%，半年复利一次。如果存入 100 万美元 10 年后是多少？
一个长方体体积是 120 立方厘米，高为 6cm，宽为 4cm，求它的长？

问题 1：测试准确率、简洁性、响应时间
问题 2：测试利率计算准确度
问题 3：测试几何推理能力

接下来我们来解题，输入以下内容：

The sequence given is the Fibonacci sequence, where each term is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting with 1 and 1. The first few terms are:

( F_1 = 1 )
( F_2 = 1 )
( F_3 = F_1 + F_2 = 1 + 1 = 2 )
( F_4 = F_2 + F_3 = 1 + 2 = 3 )
( F_5 = F_3 + F_4 = 2 + 3 = 5 )
( F_6 = F_4 + F_5 = 3 + 5 = 8 )
We need to find the 20th term, ( F_{20} ).

Continuing the sequence:

( F_7 = F_5 + F_6 = 5 + 8 = 13 )
( F_8 = F_6 + F_7 = 8 + 13 = 21 )
( F_9 = F_7 + F_8 = 13 + 21 = 34 )
( F_{10} = F_8 + F_9 = 21 + 34 = 55 )
( F_{11} = F_9 + F_{10} = 34 + 55 = 89 )
( F_{12} = F_{10} + F_{11} = 55 + 89 = 144 )
( F_{13} = F_{11} + F_{12} = 89 + 144 = 233 )
( F_{14} = F_{12} + F_{13} = 144 + 233 = 377 )
( F_{15} = F_{13} + F_{14} = 233 + 377 = 610 )
( F_{16} = F_{14} + F_{15} = 377 + 610 = 987 )
( F_{17} = F_{15} + F_{16} = 610 + 987 = 1597 )
( F_{18} = F_{16} + F_{17} = 987 + 1597 = 2584 )
( F_{19} = F_{17} + F_{18} = 1597 + 2584 = 4181 )
( F_{20} = F_{18} + F_{19} = 2584 + 4181 = 6765 )
Thus, the 20th value of the sequence is ( \boxed{6765} ).

Phi-4

GPT-4o

The sequence given is the **Fibonacci sequence**, where each term is the sum of the two preceding terms:

\[F(n) = F(n-1) + F(n-2) \quad \text{for } n \geq 3\]
with $ F(1) = 1 $ and $ F(2) = 1 $.

We need to compute the **20th value** of this sequence.

The first few terms are:
1. $ F(1) = 1 $
2. $ F(2) = 1 $
3. $ F(3) = 2 $
4. $ F(4) = 3 $
5. $ F(5) = 5 $
6. $ F(6) = 8 $
7. $ F(7) = 13 $
8. $ F(8) = 21 $
9. $ F(9) = 34 $
10. $ F(10) = 55 $
11. $ F(11) = 89 $
12. $ F(12) = 144 $
13. $ F(13) = 233 $
14. $ F(14) = 377 $
15. $ F(15) = 610 $
16. $ F(16) = 987 $
17. $ F(17) = 1597 $
18. $ F(18) = 2584 $
19. $ F(19) = 4181 $
20. $ F(20) = 6765 $

Thus, the 20th value in the sequence is: 6765

The given sequence is the Fibonacci sequence, defined by:

\[F_1 = 1, \quad F_2 = 1, \quad \text{and} \quad F_{n} = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2} \text{ for } n > 2.\]

To find the 20th term, let's list them out (or recall the known values):

1. $ F_1 = 1 $
2. $ F_2 = 1 $
3. $ F_3 = 2 $
4. $ F_4 = 3 $
5. $ F_5 = 5 $
6. $ F_6 = 8 $
7. $ F_7 = 13 $
8. $ F_8 = 21 $
9. $ F_9 = 34 $
10. $ F_{10} = 55 $
11. $ F_{11} = 89 $
12. $ F_{12} = 144 $
13. $ F_{13} = 233 $
14. $ F_{14} = 377 $
15. $ F_{15} = 610 $
16. $ F_{16} = 987 $
17. $ F_{17} = 1597 $
18. $ F_{18} = 2584 $
19. $ F_{19} = 4181 $
20. $ F_{20} = 6765 $

Therefore, the 20th value in the sequence is: 6765

所有模型都能给出正确答案，但 Phi-4 的解题方式对数学基础不太好的人比较友好。响应时间上也没啥大差别。

我们继续试第二题，使用这个提示词：

A bank offers an annual interest rate of 5%, compounded semi-annually.
What is the final amount if 1 million dollar is deposited for 10 years?

Phi-4

To calculate the final amount when interest is compounded semi-annually, we can use the compound interest formula:

[ A = P \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt} ]

where:

( A ) is the final amount
( P ) is the principal amount (initial deposit)
( r ) is the annual interest rate (in decimal form)
( n ) is the number of times the interest is compounded per year
( t ) is the number of years
For this problem:

( P = 1,000,000 ) dollars
( r = 0.05 ) (5% as a decimal)
( n = 2 ) (compounded semi-annually)
( t = 10 ) years
Plugging the values into the formula:

[ A = 1,000,000 \left(1 + \frac{0.05}{2}\right)^{2 \times 10} ]

[ A = 1,000,000 \left(1 + 0.025\right)^{20} ]

[ A = 1,000,000 \times (1.025)^{20} ]

Now, calculate ( (1.025)^{20} ):

[ (1.025)^{20} \approx 1.638616 ]

Therefore:

[ A \approx 1,000,000 \times 1.638616 ]

[ A \approx 1,638,616 ]

The final amount after 10 years is approximately $1,638,616.

GPT-4o

To calculate the final amount with compound interest, you can use the formula:

\[ A = P \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt} \]

where:
- $ A $ is the final amount,
- $ P $ is the principal amount (initial deposit),
- $ r $ is the annual nominal interest rate (as a decimal),
- $ n $ is the number of times the interest is compounded per year,
- $ t $ is the number of years.

Given:
- $ P = 1,000,000 $ dollars,
- $ r = 0.05 $ (5%),
- $ n = 2 $ (since the interest is compounded semi-annually),
- $ t = 10 $.

Plug these values into the formula:

\[ A = 1,000,000 \left(1 + \frac{0.05}{2}\right)^{2 \times 10} \]
\[ A = 1,000,000 \left(1 + 0.025\right)^{20} \]
\[ A = 1,000,000 \times (1.025)^{20} \]

Now calculate $ (1.025)^{20} $:

\[ (1.025)^{20} \approx 1.6386164403 \]

Now find the final amount $ A $:

\[ A \approx 1,000,000 \times 1.6386164403 \]
\[ A \approx 1,638,616.44 \]

The final amount after 10 years will be approximately \$1,638,616.44.

To calculate the final amount for a \$1,000,000 deposit with an annual interest rate of 5% compounded semi-annually over 10 years, you can use the compound interest formula:

\[
A = P \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt}
\]

Where:
- $ A $ = the amount of money accumulated after n years, including interest.
- $ P $ = the principal amount (\$1,000,000).
- $ r $ = the annual interest rate (decimal) (5% or 0.05).
- $ n $ = the number of times that interest is compounded per year (2 for semi-annually).
- $ t $ = the time the money is invested for in years (10).

Plugging in the values:

\[
A = 1,000,000 \times \left(1 + \frac{0.05}{2}\right)^{2 \times 10} = 1,000,000 \times (1.025)^{20}
\]

Calculating $ (1.025)^{20} $:

\[
(1.025)^{20} \approx 1.63862
\]

Now, multiply this by the principal:

\[
A \approx 1,000,000 \times 1.63862 = 1,638,620
\]

**Final Amount:** After 10 years, the investment will grow to approximately **\$1,638,620**.

三个模型都能算对。o1 明显更快，只用了 11.38 毫秒。GPT-4o 和 Phi-4 慢一些，Phi-4 比 GPT-4o 还稍慢。

最后一个测试：几何推理能力

使用这个提示词：

If the volume of a rectangular prism is 120 cubic centimetres,
its height is 6 cm, and its width is 4 cm, what is its length?

Phi-4

To find the length of the rectangular prism, we can use the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism:

[ \text{Volume} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width} \times \text{Height} ]

Given:

Volume = 120 cubic centimeters
Height = 6 cm
Width = 4 cm
Substitute the known values into the formula:

[ 120 = \text{Length} \times 4 \times 6 ]

Simplify the equation:

[ 120 = \text{Length} \times 24 ]

To solve for the Length, divide both sides by 24:

[ \text{Length} = \frac{120}{24} ]

Calculate the division:

[ \text{Length} = 5 ]

Thus, the length of the rectangular prism is 5 cm.

GPT-4o

To find the length of the rectangular prism, you can use the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism:

\[ \text{Volume} = \text{length} \times \text{width} \times \text{height} \]

You are given the volume (120 cubic centimeters), the height (6 cm), and the width (4 cm). Plug these values into the formula:

\[ 120 = \text{length} \times 4 \times 6 \]

First, calculate $4 \times 6$:

\[ 120 = \text{length} \times 24 \]

Next, solve for the length by dividing both sides of the equation by 24:

\[ \text{length} = \frac{120}{24} \]

\[ \text{length} = 5 \]

Thus, the length of the rectangular prism is 5 centimeters.

To find the **length** of the rectangular prism, you can use the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism:

\[
\text{Volume} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width} \times \text{Height}
\]

Given:
- **Volume (V)** = 120 cubic centimetres (cm³)
- **Height (h)** = 6 centimetres (cm)
- **Width (w)** = 4 centimetres (cm)

**Step 1: Write down the formula with the known values.**

\[
120 = \text{Length} \times 4 \times 6
\]

**Step 2: Simplify the equation to solve for Length.**

\[
\text{Length} = \frac{120}{4 \times 6}
\]

\[
\text{Length} = \frac{120}{24}
\]

\[
\text{Length} = 5 \text{ cm}
\]

**Answer:** The length of the rectangular prism is **5 centimetres**.