Yang Y-2021-1: Y6

Y. Yang, The Original Design Principles of the Y-Series Nonfullerene Acceptors, from Y1 to Y6, ACS NANO, 2021, 15(12): 18679. (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c10365)

要点

p-type polymer donor materials, PSBT-BT, PDTP-DFBT

ITIC

BZIC

Merging the benefits of ITIC and BZIC, our group invented the breakthrough Y-NFAs Y1, Y3, and Y6 (Y is an abbreviation for Yang).

Importantly, we noted that BZIC harvests more IR light (λonset= 857 nm for BZIC; λonset= 780 nm for ITIC) but with a shorter conjugation length than ITIC (five fused member rings for BZIC versus seven fused member rings for ITIC).

compared with the sp3-C of ITIC, the insertion of sp2-N would increase the degree of conjugation and should result in better π electron delocalization, which could enhance the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect to redshift the absorbance.

the large aromatic side chains could enhance steric hindrance, potentially disrupting intermolecular packing and resulting in decreased mobility and inferior morphology.

adopting the extended conjugation central units in ITIC and sp2-N strategy in BZIC for more red-shifted absorption and keeping the smaller alkyl side chains for better morphology and mobility

红外吸光和形貌

the addition of fluorine (F) atoms causes additional intermolecular interactions, such as inter- or intramolecular hydrogen bonds or halogen bonds, resulting in improved molecular packing and morphology.

electronegativity of a F atom may enhance the ICT effect, the absorption could be more red-shifted

fluorination of the IC group from Y1 to Y3 dramatically limited its solubility because of worsened intermolecular aggregation.

Compared with the N atom, the S atom not only provides additional intermolecular S−S and S−π interactions but also has more unoccupied d orbitals, which enhances the electron-accepting capacity of materials while also regulating energy levels.

The addition of an S atom, however, reduces the number of side chains, resulting in lower solubility

insert two linear side chains at the thiophthene β-site (originally designed as C6H13, but tentatively based on the solubility of the final product). This change not only improved molecular symmetry but also increased the number of side chains, resulting in better solubility and the ability to dissolve crystalline domain aggregates at high concentrations.