03 Prefix Sums

题目 1：CountDiv

Write a function:

int solution(int A, int B, int K);

that, given three integers A, B and K, returns the number of integers within the range [A..B] that are divisible by K, i.e.:

{ i : A ≤ i ≤ B, i mod K = 0 }

For example, for A = 6, B = 11 and K = 2, your function should return 3, because there are three numbers divisible by 2 within the range [6..11], namely 6, 8 and 10.

Complexity:

• expected worst-case time complexity is O(1);
• expected worst-case space complexity is O(1).

int solution(int A, int B, int K) {
    // write your code in C++11
    if(A%K==0)
      return (B-A)/K+1;
    else
      return (B-(A-A%K))/K;
}

题目 2：PassingCars

A non-empty zero-indexed array A consisting of N integers is given. The consecutive elements of array A represent consecutive cars on a road.

Array A contains only 0s and/or 1s:

• 0 represents a car traveling east,
• 1 represents a car traveling west.

The goal is to count passing cars. We say that a pair of cars (P, Q), where 0 ≤ P < Q < N, is passing when P is traveling to the east and Q is traveling to the west.

For example, consider array A such that:

A[0] = 0 A[1] = 1 A[2] = 0 A[3] = 1 A[4] = 1

We have five pairs of passing cars: (0, 1), (0, 3), (0, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4).

Write a function:

int solution(vector<int> &A);

that, given a non-empty zero-indexed array A of N integers, returns the number of pairs of passing cars.

The function should return −1 if the number of pairs of passing cars exceeds 1,000,000,000.

Assume that:

• N is an integer within the range [1..100,000];
• each element of array A is an integer that can have one of the following values: 0, 1.

Complexity:

• expected worst-case time complexity is O(N);
• expected worst-case space complexity is O(1), beyond input storage (not counting the storage required for input arguments).

int solution(vector<int> &A) {
    // write your code in C++11
    int all=0,car=0;
    int n=A.size();
    for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
    {
        if(A[i]==1)
          car++;
        else
         { 
             all+=car;
             if(all>1E9)
             return -1;
         }
    }
    return all;
}

题目 3： MinAvgTwoSlice

A non-empty zero-indexed array A consisting of N integers is given. A pair of integers (P, Q), such that 0 ≤ P < Q < N, is called a slice of array A (notice that the slice contains at least two elements). The average of a slice (P, Q) is the sum of A[P] + A[P + 1] + ... + A[Q] divided by the length of the slice. To be precise, the average equals (A[P] + A[P + 1] + ... + A[Q]) / (Q − P + 1).

For example, array A such that:

A[0] = 4 A[1] = 2 A[2] = 2 A[3] = 5 A[4] = 1 A[5] = 5 A[6] = 8

contains the following example slices:

• slice (1, 2), whose average is (2 + 2) / 2 = 2;
• slice (3, 4), whose average is (5 + 1) / 2 = 3;
• slice (1, 4), whose average is (2 + 2 + 5 + 1) / 4 = 2.5.

The goal is to find the starting position of a slice whose average is minimal.

Write a function:

int solution(vector<int> &A);

that, given a non-empty zero-indexed array A consisting of N integers, returns the starting position of the slice with the minimal average. If there is more than one slice with a minimal average, you should return the smallest starting position of such a slice.

Assume that:

• N is an integer within the range [2..100,000];
• each element of array A is an integer within the range [−10,000..10,000].

Complexity:

• expected worst-case time complexity is O(N);
• expected worst-case space complexity is O(N), beyond input storage (not counting the storage required for input arguments).

int solution(vector<int> &A) {
    // write your code in C++11
    int n=A.size();
    int min_index=0;
    float min_val=10001;
    for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++)
    {
      //  float avetwo=(A[i]+A[i+1])/2.0;
        if((A[i]+A[i+1])<2*min_val)
        {
            min_val=(A[i]+A[i+1])/2.0;
            min_index=i;
        }
        if(i<n-2)
        {
            //float avethree=(A[i]+A[i+1]+A[i+2])/3.0;
            if((A[i]+A[i+1]+A[i+2])<3*min_val)
            {
                min_val=(A[i]+A[i+1]+A[i+2])/3.0;
                min_index=i;
            }
        }
    }
    return min_index;
}

题目 4：GenomicRangeQuery

A DNA sequence can be represented as a string consisting of the letters A, C, G and T, which correspond to the types of successive nucleotides in the sequence. Each nucleotide has an impact factor, which is an integer. Nucleotides of types A, C, G and T have impact factors of 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. You are going to answer several queries of the form: What is the minimal impact factor of nucleotides contained in a particular part of the given DNA sequence?

The DNA sequence is given as a non-empty string S = S[0]S[1]...S[N-1] consisting of N characters. There are M queries, which are given in non-empty arrays P and Q, each consisting of M integers. The K-th query (0 ≤ K < M) requires you to find the minimal impact factor of nucleotides contained in the DNA sequence between positions P[K] and Q[K] (inclusive).

For example, consider string S = CAGCCTA and arrays P, Q such that:

P[0] = 2 Q[0] = 4 P[1] = 5 Q[1] = 5 P[2] = 0 Q[2] = 6

The answers to these M = 3 queries are as follows:

• The part of the DNA between positions 2 and 4 contains nucleotides G and C (twice), whose impact factors are 3 and 2 respectively, so the answer is 2.
• The part between positions 5 and 5 contains a single nucleotide T, whose impact factor is 4, so the answer is 4.
• The part between positions 0 and 6 (the whole string) contains all nucleotides, in particular nucleotide Awhose impact factor is 1, so the answer is 1.

Write a function:

vector<int> solution(string &S, vector<int> &P, vector<int> &Q);

that, given a non-empty zero-indexed string S consisting of N characters and two non-empty zero-indexed arrays P and Q consisting of M integers, returns an array consisting of M integers specifying the consecutive answers to all queries.

Assume that:

• N is an integer within the range [1..100,000];
• M is an integer within the range [1..50,000];
• each element of arrays P, Q is an integer within the range [0..N − 1];
• P[K] ≤ Q[K], where 0 ≤ K < M;
• string S consists only of upper-case English letters A, C, G, T.

Complexity:

• expected worst-case time complexity is O(N+M);
• expected worst-case space complexity is O(N), beyond input storage (not counting the storage required for input arguments).

void InitVector (vector<int> &vec,string S, char c)
{
    for(int i=0;S[i]!='\0';i++)
    {
        if(i!=0)
          vec[i]=vec[i-1];
        if(S[i]==c)
         vec[i]=i;
    }
}
vector<int> solution(string &S, vector<int> &P, vector<int> &Q) {
    // write your code in C++11
    vector<int> vec;
    int n=P.size();
    int m=Q.size();
    if(n!=m)
      return vec;
    int k=S.length();
    // four vector and init
    vector<int> A(k,-1);
    vector<int> C(k,-1);
    vector<int> G(k,-1);
    vector<int> T(k,-1);
    InitVector(A,S,'A');
    InitVector(C,S,'C');
    InitVector(G,S,'G');
    InitVector(T,S,'T');
    // result
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        if(A[Q[i]]>P[i]-1)
        vec.push_back(1);
        else if(C[Q[i]]>P[i]-1)
        vec.push_back(2);
        else if(G[Q[i]]>P[i]-1)
        vec.push_back(3);
        else
        vec.push_back(4);
    }
    return vec;
}

C 实现版

void InitString(char *S,int *arr,char c)
{
    arr[0]=-1;
    for(int i=0;S[i]!='\0';i++)
    {
        if(i!=0)
         arr[i]=arr[i-1];
        if(S[i]==c)
         arr[i]=i;
        
    }
}

struct Results solution(char *S, int P[], int Q[], int M) {
    struct Results result;
    // write your code in C99

    int *A=(int *)malloc(1e5*sizeof(int));
    int *C=(int *)malloc(1e5*sizeof(int));
    int *G=(int *)malloc(1e5*sizeof(int));
    int *T=(int *)malloc(1e5*sizeof(int));
    InitString(S,A,'A');
    InitString(S,C,'C');
    InitString(S,G,'G');
    InitString(S,T,'T');
    /// calcuate
    int *res=(int *)malloc(M*sizeof(int));
    for(int i=0;i<M;i++)
    {
        if(A[Q[i]]>P[i]-1)
          res[i]=1;
        else if(C[Q[i]]>P[i]-1)
          res[i]=2;
        else if(G[Q[i]]>P[i]-1)
          res[i]=3;
        else 
          res[i]=4;
    }
    result.A = res;
    result.M = M;
    return result;
}