纸上得来终觉浅
1.Spring MVC如何解析视图?
它会把方法的返回值(包括String,ModelAndView,View)转换为ModelAndView对象,然后由ViewResolver视图解析器解析为视图对象;包括JSP/JSTL/PDF等
2 .视图
视图的作用是渲染模型数据,将模型里的数据以某种形式呈现给客户,常用的视图实现类:
3. 1)Spring MVC前面的文章使用的视图技术是JSP,视图解析器使用的是InterResourceViewResolver;
2)如果使用了JSTL,Spring MVC会自动把视图由InternalResourceView转为JstlView,,如果使用了JSTL的fmt标签,则需要在Spring MVC的配置文件中配置国际化资源文件。(没有实践过)
3)可以通过order属性指定解析器的优先顺序,order越小优先级越高。以InternalResourceViewResolver和BeanNameViewResolver为例:
HelloWorld.java: (视图使用jsp,视图解析器使用的InternalResourceViewResolver)
package roadArchitectWeb.Test;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloWorld {
@RequestMapping("/view")
public String index(){
System.out.println("HelloWorld.index()");
return "myview";
}
}
Myview.java: (使用自定义的视图,解析器使用BeanNameViewResolver)
package roadArchitectWeb.Test;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.View;
/*自定义一个视图*/
@Component
public class Myview implements View{
@Override
public String getContentType() {
return "text/html";
}
@Override
public void render(Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
response.getWriter().print("This is BeanNameViewResolver");
}
}
Web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>roadArchitectWeb</display-name>
<!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>helloworld</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<!-- 默认加载/WEb-INF/<servletName-servlet>.xml的Spring配置文件,可以通过contextConfigLocation手动指定 -->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:Spring-MVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>helloworld</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Spring-MVC.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd">
<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="roadArchitectWeb.Test"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<!-- InternalResourceViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/JSP/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- BeanNameViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver">
<!-- 优先级比上面的解析器要高 -->
<property name="order" value="100"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
myview.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
out.println("This is InternalResourceViewResolver");
%>
</body>
</html>
运行程序,输入/view,得到的结果是 This is BeanNameViewResolver,说明BeanNameViewResolver的配置生效,优先级也是生效的。InternalResourceViewResolver的默认优先级是整型的最大值。
4)Excel视图
5)如果视图解析器没有解析到相关的视图,会抛出ServletException异常
4.如何访问直接访问WEB-INF下的目录:
一般情况下,要访问的话需要设置servlet,直接访问的话可以在MVC的配置文件中增加:
<mvc:view-controller path="/myview" view-name="myview"/>
注:在增加上面语句后,原来的servlet就会失效,于是还需要加上:
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
详细的解释,后面介绍
5.访问资源文件的话(指的是WebContent目录下(不包括WEB-INF目录)),使用下面的注解即可:
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
详细解释后面介绍