用几个例子来说明matplotlib的用法
Example 1.
# coding:utf-8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
array1 = np.random.rand(100)
array2 = np.random.rand(100)
fig1 = plt.figure(1) # 创建一个Figure
ax1 = fig1.add_subplot(1,1,1) # add_subplot()创建一个子图或多个子图
ax1.plot(array1, 'o-', color = 'blue', label = 'array1') # label设置标签,'o-'代表线型
ax1.plot(array2, '>-', color = 'red', label = 'array1')
ax1.set_xscale('log') # 设置x轴为对数坐标
ax1.set_yscale('log') # 设置y轴为对数坐标
ax1.set_xlabel('x',fontsize = 15) # 设置x轴的标签, fontsize设置字体大小
ax1.set_ylabel('y', fontsize = 15) # 设置y轴的标签, fontsize设置字体大小
ax1.set_xlim(0,100) # 设置x轴范围
ax1.set_ylim(0,1) # 设置y轴范围
ax1.set_xticks([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50,100]) # 设置x轴要显示的刻度
ax1.set_xticklabels(['a','b','c','d',5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50,100]) # 设置该刻度上的标签
ax1.grid(True, which='major', axis='both') # 设置网格
ax1.legend(loc = 'best', numpoints = 1) # 图例, loc='best',即图例放在最不碍事的位置,numpoint图例上自由一个点
plt.show() 
Example 2.
# coding:utf-8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
#
df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(25), index=np.arange(25), columns=['test1'])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(25), index=np.arange(25), columns=['test2'])
df3 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(25), index=np.arange(25), columns=['test3'])
df4 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(25), index=np.arange(25), columns=['test4'])
# 生成4个子图
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
ax4 = fig.add_subplot(2,2,4)
#------ df.plot参数 ---------#
df1.plot(ax = ax1, style = 'b*-', kind = 'line', rot = 360, grid = 'on') # style设置线型(ko--)
ax1.set_xticks(range(0,26,5)) # alpha设置不透明度
ax1.set_xticklabels(range(0,26,5)) # kind可以是'line','bar','barh','kde'
# logy 在y轴使用对数标尺
df2.plot(ax = ax2, kind = 'line', logy = True, title = 'test2', rot = 270) # xlim x轴的界限
ax2.set_xticks(range(0,26,5)) # ylim y轴的界限
ax2.set_xticklabels(range(0,26,5)) # grid 网格线
# rot旋转坐标刻度标签
df3.plot(ax = ax3, kind = 'line', title = 'test3', rot = 180, sharex = True)# title 图像标题
ax3.set_xticks(range(0,26,5)) # figsiez 图像大小
ax3.set_xticklabels(range(0,26,5)) # sharex/sharex 共用x轴/y轴
df4.plot(ax = ax4, style = 'ko--', kind = 'line', title = 'test4', rot = 90, figsize = (8,10))
ax4.set_xticks(range(0,26,5))
ax4.set_xticklabels(range(0,26,5))
plt.show() 
df.plot()参数说明
```
df.plot(kind='line')
Parameters:
data : DataFrame
x : label or position, default None
y : label or position, default None
Allows plotting of one column versus another
kind : str
‘line’ : line plot (default)
‘bar’ : vertical bar plot
‘barh’ : horizontal bar plot
‘hist’ : histogram
‘box’ : boxplot
‘kde’ : Kernel Density Estimation plot
‘density’ : same as ‘kde’
‘area’ : area plot
‘pie’ : pie plot
‘scatter’ : scatter plot
‘hexbin’ : hexbin plot
ax : matplotlib axes object, default None
subplots : boolean, default False
Make separate subplots for each column
sharex : boolean, default True if ax is None else False
In case subplots=True, share x axis and set some x axis labels to invisible; defaults to True if ax is None otherwise False if an ax is passed in; Be aware, that passing in both an ax and sharex=True will alter all x axis labels for all axis in a figure!
sharey : boolean, default False
In case subplots=True, share y axis and set some y axis labels to invisible
layout : tuple (optional)
(rows, columns) for the layout of subplots
figsize : a tuple (width, height) in inches
use_index : boolean, default True
Use index as ticks for x axis
title : string or list
Title to use for the plot. If a string is passed, print the string at the top of the figure. If a list is passed and subplots is True, print each item in the list above the corresponding subplot.
grid : boolean, default None (matlab style default)
Axis grid lines
legend : False/True/’reverse’
Place legend on axis subplots
style : list or dict
matplotlib line style per column
logx : boolean, default False
Use log scaling on x axis
logy : boolean, default False
Use log scaling on y axis
loglog : boolean, default False
Use log scaling on both x and y axes
xticks : sequence
Values to use for the xticks
yticks : sequence
Values to use for the yticks
xlim : 2-tuple/list
ylim : 2-tuple/list
rot : int, default None
Rotation for ticks (xticks for vertical, yticks for horizontal plots)
fontsize : int, default None
Font size for xticks and yticks
colormap : str or matplotlib colormap object, default None
Colormap to select colors from. If string, load colormap with that name from matplotlib.
colorbar : boolean, optional
If True, plot colorbar (only relevant for ‘scatter’ and ‘hexbin’ plots)
position : float
Specify relative alignments for bar plot layout. From 0 (left/bottom-end) to 1 (right/top-end). Default is 0.5 (center)
layout : tuple (optional)
(rows, columns) for the layout of the plot
table : boolean, Series or DataFrame, default False
If True, draw a table using the data in the DataFrame and the data will be transposed to meet matplotlib’s default layout. If a Series or DataFrame is passed, use passed data to draw a table.
yerr : DataFrame, Series, array-like, dict and str
See Plotting with Error Bars for detail.
xerr : same types as yerr.
stacked : boolean, default False in line and
bar plots, and True in area plot. If True, create stacked plot.
sort_columns : boolean, default False
Sort column names to determine plot ordering
secondary_y : boolean or sequence, default False
Whether to plot on the secondary y-axis If a list/tuple, which columns to plot on secondary y-axis
mark_right : boolean, default True
When using a secondary_y axis, automatically mark the column labels with “(right)” in the legend
kwds : keywords
Options to pass to matplotlib plotting method
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