MySQL备份恢复练习

素材

  1. 创建数据库school
CREATE DATABASE school;
  1. 创建student和score表
CREATE  TABLE  student (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  ,
name  VARCHAR(20)  NOT NULL ,
sex  VARCHAR(4)  ,
birth  YEAR,
department  VARCHAR(20) ,
address  VARCHAR(50) 
);
  1. 创建score表。SQL代码如下:
CREATE  TABLE  score (
id  INT(10)  NOT NULL  UNIQUE  PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id  INT(10)  NOT NULL ,
c_name  VARCHAR(20) ,
grade  INT(10)
);
  1. 为student表和score表增加记录
#向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

#向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下:
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

备份恢复要求

1. 备份数据库school到/backup目录

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySql@123 school > /backup/school_1.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/school_1.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3310 Apr 26 14:59 school_1.sql

2. 备份数据库school为带删除表的格式,能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySql@123 -B school > /backup/school_2.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/school_2.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3453 Apr 26 15:07 school_2.sql
[root@localhost ~]# cat /backup/school_2.sql | grep "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS"
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
[root@localhost ~]# cat /backup/school_2.sql | grep "CREATE TABLE"
CREATE TABLE `score` (
CREATE TABLE `student` (

3. 直接将数据库school压缩备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySql@123 -B school | gzip > /backup/school_3.sql.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/school_3.sql.tar 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1210 Apr 26 15:14 /backup/school_3.sql.tar
#“school_3.sql.tar”会以红色显示,表示是压缩文件

4. 备份数据库school某个(些)表(此例备份student表 )

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySql@123 school student > /backup/school_student.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/school_student.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2390 Apr 26 15:19 /backup/school_student.sql

5. 同时备份多个MySQL数据库(其他数据库素材自行准备)

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySql@123 -B school school2 > /backup/school_2-3.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/school_2-3.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3599 Apr 26 15:21 /backup/school_2-3.sql

6. 仅仅备份数据库结构

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySql@123 -d school > /backup/school_nodata.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/school_nodata.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2315 Apr 26 15:22 /backup/school_nodata.sql

7. 备份服务器上所有数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pMySql@123 -A > /backup/all.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/all.sql 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 878505 Apr 26 15:23 /backup/all.sql

8. 还原MySQL数据库

  • 方法一
mysql> drop database school;	#删除数据库school
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#查看所有数据库,发现school已不存在
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pMySql@123 < /backup/school_2.sql 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
#选择school_2.sql的原因是不用再创建数据库,“-B”带有创建数据库语句以及切换数据库语句
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| score            |
| student          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from score;
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| id | stu_id | c_name    | grade |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
|  1 |    901 | 计算机    |    98 |
|  2 |    901 | 英语      |    80 |
|  3 |    902 | 计算机    |    65 |
|  4 |    902 | 中文      |    88 |
|  5 |    903 | 中文      |    95 |
|  6 |    904 | 计算机    |    70 |
|  7 |    904 | 英语      |    92 |
|  8 |    905 | 英语      |    94 |
|  9 |    906 | 计算机    |    90 |
| 10 |    906 | 英语      |    85 |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| id  | name      | sex  | birth | department   | address            |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| 901 | 张老大    ||  1985 | 计算机系     | 北京市海淀区       |
| 902 | 张老二    ||  1986 | 中文系       | 北京市昌平区       |
| 903 | 张三      ||  1990 | 中文系       | 湖南省永州市       |
| 904 | 李四      ||  1990 | 英语系       | 辽宁省阜新市       |
| 905 | 王五      ||  1991 | 英语系       | 福建省厦门市       |
| 906 | 王六      ||  1988 | 计算机系     | 湖南省衡阳市       |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#可以看到所有数据已恢复
  • 方法二:
mysql> drop database school;	#删除数据库school
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#查看所有数据库,发现school已不存在
mysql> source /backup/school_2.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 10  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use school
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| score            |
| student          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from score;
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| id | stu_id | c_name    | grade |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
|  1 |    901 | 计算机    |    98 |
|  2 |    901 | 英语      |    80 |
|  3 |    902 | 计算机    |    65 |
|  4 |    902 | 中文      |    88 |
|  5 |    903 | 中文      |    95 |
|  6 |    904 | 计算机    |    70 |
|  7 |    904 | 英语      |    92 |
|  8 |    905 | 英语      |    94 |
|  9 |    906 | 计算机    |    90 |
| 10 |    906 | 英语      |    85 |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| id  | name      | sex  | birth | department   | address            |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| 901 | 张老大    ||  1985 | 计算机系     | 北京市海淀区       |
| 902 | 张老二    ||  1986 | 中文系       | 北京市昌平区       |
| 903 | 张三      ||  1990 | 中文系       | 湖南省永州市       |
| 904 | 李四      ||  1990 | 英语系       | 辽宁省阜新市       |
| 905 | 王五      ||  1991 | 英语系       | 福建省厦门市       |
| 906 | 王六      ||  1988 | 计算机系     | 湖南省衡阳市       |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#可以看到所有数据已恢复

9. 还原压缩的MySQL数据库

mysql> drop database school;	#删除数据库school
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#查看所有数据库,发现school已不存在
[root@localhost ~]# zcat /backup/school_3.sql.tar | mysql -uroot -pMySql@123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use school
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| score            |
| student          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from score;
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| id | stu_id | c_name    | grade |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
|  1 |    901 | 计算机    |    98 |
|  2 |    901 | 英语      |    80 |
|  3 |    902 | 计算机    |    65 |
|  4 |    902 | 中文      |    88 |
|  5 |    903 | 中文      |    95 |
|  6 |    904 | 计算机    |    70 |
|  7 |    904 | 英语      |    92 |
|  8 |    905 | 英语      |    94 |
|  9 |    906 | 计算机    |    90 |
| 10 |    906 | 英语      |    85 |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| id  | name      | sex  | birth | department   | address            |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| 901 | 张老大    ||  1985 | 计算机系     | 北京市海淀区       |
| 902 | 张老二    ||  1986 | 中文系       | 北京市昌平区       |
| 903 | 张三      ||  1990 | 中文系       | 湖南省永州市       |
| 904 | 李四      ||  1990 | 英语系       | 辽宁省阜新市       |
| 905 | 王五      ||  1991 | 英语系       | 福建省厦门市       |
| 906 | 王六      ||  1988 | 计算机系     | 湖南省衡阳市       |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#可以看到所有数据已恢复

10. 使用xtrabackup 备份数据库

innobackupex -u root -p "MySql@123" --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --no-timestamp /backup/mysql/full
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/mysql/full/		#查看备份结果
total 12336
-rw-r----- 1 root root      424 Apr 27 10:29 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 root root      618 Apr 27 10:29 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 Apr 27 10:29 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 Apr 27 10:29 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 Apr 27 10:29 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root       92 Apr 27 10:29 school
drwxr-x--- 2 root root       20 Apr 27 10:29 school2
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 Apr 27 10:29 sys
-rw-r----- 1 root root      113 Apr 27 10:29 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root      461 Apr 27 10:29 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root     2560 Apr 27 10:29 xtrabackup_logfile

11. 在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份

#将备份目录传送给另一台数据库服务器
[root@localhost ~]# scp -r /backup/mysql/full/* 192.168.25.135:/backup/full

[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/full/	#查看传送结果
total 131116
-rw-r----- 1 root root      424 Apr 27 15:45 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 root root      618 Apr 27 15:45 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 Apr 27 15:51 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 50331648 Apr 27 15:51 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 50331648 Apr 27 15:51 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 Apr 27 15:51 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 Apr 27 15:45 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 Apr 27 15:45 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root       92 Apr 27 15:45 school
drwxr-x--- 2 root root       20 Apr 27 15:45 school2
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 Apr 27 15:45 sys
-rw-r----- 1 root root      113 Apr 27 15:51 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root      461 Apr 27 15:45 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root  8388608 Apr 27 15:51 xtrabackup_logfile

#应用数据库备份目录
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex -u root -p "MySql@123" --apply-log /backup/full/

#关闭数据库服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mysqld

#清空数据库数据目录,直接恢复会报错显示“数据库数据目录不为空”
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/
total 0

#恢复数据库数据目录(将备份目录复制到数据库数据目录)
[root@localhost ~]# innobackupex -u root -p "MySql@123" --copy-back /backup/full/

#修改权限数据库目录文件所属组和所属用户(当前全部为root)
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/		#查看修改前的样子
total 122916
-rw-r----- 1 root root      618 Apr 27 15:52 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 Apr 27 15:52 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 50331648 Apr 27 15:52 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 50331648 Apr 27 15:52 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 Apr 27 15:52 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     4096 Apr 27 15:52 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 Apr 27 15:52 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root       92 Apr 27 15:52 school
drwxr-x--- 2 root root       20 Apr 27 15:52 school2
drwxr-x--- 2 root root     8192 Apr 27 15:52 sys
-rw-r----- 1 root root      461 Apr 27 15:52 xtrabackup_info

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/		#修改所属组和所属用户

[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/data/		#查看修改后的样子
total 122916
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      618 Apr 27 15:52 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Apr 27 15:52 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Apr 27 15:52 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Apr 27 15:52 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Apr 27 15:52 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     4096 Apr 27 15:52 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     8192 Apr 27 15:52 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql       92 Apr 27 15:52 school
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql       20 Apr 27 15:52 school2
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql     8192 Apr 27 15:52 sys
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql      461 Apr 27 15:52 xtrabackup_info

#重启数据库服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
#恢复前的所有数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

#恢复后的所有数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#可以看到数据库school和school2均已存在

12. 使用mydumper备份数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mydumper -u root -p "MySql@123" -S /tmp/mysql.sock -B school -o /backup/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /backup/
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  75 Apr 27 10:01 metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  90 Apr 27 10:01 school-schema-create.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 352 Apr 27 10:01 school.score.00000.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   2 Apr 27 10:01 school.score-metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 367 Apr 27 10:01 school.score-schema.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 503 Apr 27 10:01 school.student.00000.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1 Apr 27 10:01 school.student-metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 413 Apr 27 10:01 school.student-schema.sql

13. 使用mydumper恢复数据库

mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#查看所有数据库,发现school已不存在
[root@localhost ~]# myloader -u root -p "MySql@123" -S /tmp/mysql.sock -d /backup/ -o -B school
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| school2            |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use school;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| score            |
| student          |
+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from score;
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| id | stu_id | c_name    | grade |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
|  1 |    901 | 计算机    |    98 |
|  2 |    901 | 英语      |    80 |
|  3 |    902 | 计算机    |    65 |
|  4 |    902 | 中文      |    88 |
|  5 |    903 | 中文      |    95 |
|  6 |    904 | 计算机    |    70 |
|  7 |    904 | 英语      |    92 |
|  8 |    905 | 英语      |    94 |
|  9 |    906 | 计算机    |    90 |
| 10 |    906 | 英语      |    85 |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| id  | name      | sex  | birth | department   | address            |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| 901 | 张老大    ||  1985 | 计算机系     | 北京市海淀区       |
| 902 | 张老二    ||  1986 | 中文系       | 北京市昌平区       |
| 903 | 张三      ||  1990 | 中文系       | 湖南省永州市       |
| 904 | 李四      ||  1990 | 英语系       | 辽宁省阜新市       |
| 905 | 王五      ||  1991 | 英语系       | 福建省厦门市       |
| 906 | 王六      ||  1988 | 计算机系     | 湖南省衡阳市       |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#可以看到所有数据已恢复
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