20223210 2022-2023-2 《Python程序设计》实验四报告

20223210 2022-2023-2 《Python程序设计》实验四报告

课程：《Python程序设计》
班级： 2232
姓名： 黄湛
学号：20223210
实验教师：王志强
实验日期：2023年5月20日
必修/选修： 公选课

（一）实验内容

python的综合应用
利用tkinter编写扫雷小游戏

（二）实验过程及结果

扫雷小游戏 懂得都懂

1.初始化设置

import random
from tkinter import *
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from functools import partial

game = Tk()
game.title("扫雷")
nx = [-1,-1,-1,0,0,1,1,1]
ny = [-1,0,1,-1,1,-1,0,1]
color = ["White","Blue","Green","Red","Brown","Gold","Pink","Purple","Black"] #不同数字的颜色
game_map = []  #隐藏的地图 ‘X’表示雷
state_map = [] #地图的状态 0未被点击 1已点击 2被标记 3被质疑 4雷被引爆
game_size = "" #地图的尺寸 (窗口大小用
size = 25  #格子大小
length = 0 #长
widthh = 0 #宽
tot = 1e9    #雷的个数

2.主界面

def home():
    clear()
    length = widthh = 0
    tot = 1e9
    game.geometry("300x280")  # 窗口大小 字母x
    words = tk.Label(game, text = "欢迎来到扫雷游戏!\n请选择您的游戏难度", font="五号")
    words.place(y=10, relx=0.2)
    b = tk.Button(game, text= "初级   9x9", font="五号", command=partial(create, 9, 9, 10))
    b.place(y=60, relx=0.3)
    b = tk.Button(game, text= "中级 16x16", font="五号", command=partial(create, 16, 16, 40))
    b.place(y=100, relx=0.3)
    b = tk.Button(game, text= "高级 16x30", font="五号", command=partial(create, 30, 16, 99))
    b.place(y=140, relx=0.3)

    global v1,v2,v3  #自定义地图
    v1 = tk.StringVar()
    e = tk.Entry(game,  textvariable = v1, font="五号", bg = "White", justify = tk.CENTER)
    e.place(y=220, height = 30, width=55,relx = 0.2)
    v2 = tk.StringVar()
    e = tk.Entry(game, textvariable = v2, font="五号", bg="White", justify = tk.CENTER)
    e.place(y=220, height = 30, width=55,relx = 0.4)
    v3 = tk.StringVar()
    e = tk.Entry(game, textvariable = v3, font="五号", bg="White", justify = tk.CENTER)
    e.place(y=220, height = 30, width=55,relx = 0.6)
    b = tk.Button(game, text = "  自定义  ",font = "五号", command=DIY)
    b.place(y=180, relx = 0.3)

3.自定义地图的合法性判断和弹窗

def DIY():
    a = v1.get()
    b = v2.get()
    c = v3.get()
    if a.isdigit() == 0 or b.isdigit() == 0 or c.isdigit() == 0:
        showinfo(parent=game, title="请重试", message="抱歉，输入数据不合法  (>﹏<)")
        return
    a = int(a)
    b = int(b)
    c = int(c)
    if a <= 0 or b <= 0 or a > 24 or b > 50:
        showinfo(parent=game, title="请重试", message="抱歉，地图大小不合法  (>﹏<)")
        return
    elif c < 0 or c > a * b:
        showinfo(parent=game, title="请重试", message="抱歉，地雷数目不合法  (>﹏<)")
        return
    create(a, b, c)

4.菜单栏设置

Home键返回主界面
Help键显示游戏规则

def showhelp():
    with open('扫雷游戏Help.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        words = file.read()
    showinfo(parent=game, title="扫雷游戏", message=words)
def showmenu():
    m = tk.Menu(game)
    m.add_command(label="Home", command=partial(home))
    m.add_command(label="Help", command=partial(showhelp))
    game.config(menu=m)

5.游戏地图创建以及绘制

def clear(): #用 winfo_children() 获取窗口中的所有子部件
    for item in game.winfo_children():
        if item.winfo_class() != "Menu":
            item.destroy()
def draw():
    clear()
    button = Button(game, text = "≥Ö‿Ö≤", bg = "Gainsboro", command = partial(create, length, widthh, tot))
    button.place(y = 3, relx = 0.4, width = 80)
    if judge() == 1:
        success()
        return
    game_size = str((length + 1)* size) + "x" + str((widthh + 2)* size)
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            button = tk.Button(game, bg = "Gainsboro")
            if state_map[i][j] == 0:
                pass
                #button["text"] = game_map[i][j]
            elif state_map[i][j] == 2:
                button["fg"] = "Red"
                button["text"] = "!"
            elif state_map[i][j] == 3:
                button["fg"] = "DarkBlue"
                button["text"] = "?"
            else:
                button["bg"] = "White"
                button["fg"] = color[game_map[i][j]]
                if game_map[i][j] != 0:
                    button["text"] = str(game_map[i][j])
            button.bind("<Button-1>", partial(left_work, a = i, b = j))
            button.bind("<Button-3>", partial(right_work, a = i, b = j))
            button.place(x = (i + 0.5) * size , y = (j + 1.5) * size, height = size, width = size)
    game.geometry(game_size)
def create(a, b, c):
    global game_map, state_map,length,widthh,tot
    length = a
    widthh = b
    tot = c
    data = random.sample(range(0, length * widthh - 1), tot)
    # random.sample(range(1, n), k) 表示从1~n的范围内随机生成k个不重复的数 结果以列表返回
    game_map = [[0] * widthh for i in range(length)]
    state_map = [[0] * widthh for i in range(length)]
    for val in data:
        game_map[int(val / widthh)][val % widthh] = 'X' #雷的位置为'X'
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            if game_map[i][j] != 'X':
                for k in range(8):
                    if i + nx[k] < 0 or i + nx[k] >= length:
                        pass
                    elif j + ny[k] < 0 or j + ny[k] >= widthh:
                        pass
                    elif game_map[i + nx[k]][j + ny[k]] == 'X':
                        game_map[i][j] = game_map[i][j] + 1
    draw()

6.判断游戏胜利条件

地雷全部被正确标记 or 只剩含雷的方块没有被点击

def judge():
    cnt1 = 0 #被成功标记的雷的个数
    cnt2 = 0 #被错误标记的雷的个数
    cnt3 = 0 #没被点开的格子的个数
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            if state_map[i][j] == 1:
                pass
            cnt3 = cnt3 + 1
            if state_map[i][j] == 2:
                if game_map[i][j] == 'X':
                    cnt1 = cnt1 + 1
                else:
                    cnt2 = cnt2 + 1
    if cnt3 == tot:
        return 1
    if cnt2 > 0:
        return 0
    if cnt1 == tot :
        return 1
    return 0

7.鼠标右/左击设置

左击点开格子
右击标记/质疑/取消质疑格子

def spread(a, b):
    global state_map
    if state_map[a][b] == 1:
        return
    state_map[a][b] = 1
    if game_map[a][b] == 0:
        for k in range(8):
            if a + nx[k] < 0 or a + nx[k] >= length:
                pass
            elif b + ny[k] < 0 or b + ny[k] >= widthh:
                pass
            else:
                spread(a + nx[k], b + ny[k])
def left_work(event, a, b):
    global state_map
    if state_map[a][b] == 1:
        return
    elif game_map[a][b] == 'X':
        state_map[a][b] = 4
        failure()
    else:
        spread(a, b)
        draw()
def right_work(event, a, b):
    global state_map
    if state_map[a][b] == 1:
        return
    elif state_map[a][b] == 0:
        state_map[a][b] = 2
    elif state_map[a][b] == 2:
        state_map[a][b] = 3
    elif state_map[a][b] == 3:
        state_map[a][b] = 0
    draw()

8.游戏胜利

def success():
    button = Button(game, text = "(ღ♡‿♡ღ)", bg = "Gainsboro", command = partial(create, length, widthh, tot))
    button.place(y = 0, rely = 0.4, width = 80)
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            button = tk.Button(game)
            if state_map[i][j] == 1:
                button["bg"] = "White"
                if game_map[i][j] != 0:
                    button["fg"] = color[game_map[i][j]]
                    button["text"] = game_map[i][j]
            elif game_map[i][j] == "X":
                button["bg"] = "LawnGreen"
            button.place(x = (i + 0.5) * size , y = (j + 1.5) * size, height = size, width = size)
    showinfo(parent=game, title="游戏结束", message="恭喜你，游戏胜利  (ღ♡‿♡ღ)")

9.游戏失败

def failure():
    button = Button(game, text = "(>﹏<)", bg = "Gainsboro", command = partial(create, length, widthh, tot))
    button.place(y = 3, relx = 0.4, width = 80)
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            button = tk.Button(game)
            if state_map[i][j] == 4:
                button["bg"] = "Red"
            elif state_map[i][j] == 1:
                button["bg"] = "White"
                if game_map[i][j] != 0:
                    button["fg"] = color[game_map[i][j]]
                    button["text"] = game_map[i][j]
            elif game_map[i][j] != "X":
                button["bg"] = "Gainsboro"
                if state_map[i][j] == 2:    #错误标记
                    button["fg"] = "Red"
                    button["text"] = "X"
            else:
                if state_map[i][j] != 2:
                    button["bg"] = "MidnightBlue"
                else:
                    button["bg"] = "LawnGreen"
            button.place(x = (i + 0.5) * size , y = (j + 1.5) * size, height = size, width = size)
    showinfo(parent=game, title="游戏结束", message="很遗憾，游戏失败  (>﹏<)")

10.源代码

import random
from tkinter import *
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from functools import partial

game = Tk()
game.title("扫雷")
nx = [-1,-1,-1,0,0,1,1,1]
ny = [-1,0,1,-1,1,-1,0,1]
color = ["White","Blue","Green","Red","Brown","Gold","Pink","Purple","Black"] #不同数字的颜色
game_map = []  #隐藏的地图 ‘X’表示雷
state_map = [] #地图的状态 0未被点击 1已点击 2被标记 3被质疑 4雷被引爆
game_size = "" #地图的尺寸 (窗口大小用
size = 25  #格子大小
length = 0 #长
widthh = 0 #宽
tot = 1e9    #雷的个数



def judge():
    cnt1 = 0 #被成功标记的雷的个数
    cnt2 = 0 #被错误标记的雷的个数
    cnt3 = 0 #没被点开的格子的个数
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            if state_map[i][j] == 1:
                pass
            cnt3 = cnt3 + 1
            if state_map[i][j] == 2:
                if game_map[i][j] == 'X':
                    cnt1 = cnt1 + 1
                else:
                    cnt2 = cnt2 + 1
    if cnt3 == tot:
        return 1
    if cnt2 > 0:
        return 0
    if cnt1 == tot :
        return 1
    return 0
def success():
    button = Button(game, text = "(ღ♡‿♡ღ)", bg = "Gainsboro", command = partial(create, length, widthh, tot))
    button.place(y = 0, rely = 0.4, width = 80)
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            button = tk.Button(game)
            if state_map[i][j] == 1:
                button["bg"] = "White"
                if game_map[i][j] != 0:
                    button["fg"] = color[game_map[i][j]]
                    button["text"] = game_map[i][j]
            elif game_map[i][j] == "X":
                button["bg"] = "LawnGreen"
            button.place(x = (i + 0.5) * size , y = (j + 1.5) * size, height = size, width = size)
    showinfo(parent=game, title="游戏结束", message="恭喜你，游戏胜利  (ღ♡‿♡ღ)")
def failure():
    button = Button(game, text = "(>﹏<)", bg = "Gainsboro", command = partial(create, length, widthh, tot))
    button.place(y = 3, relx = 0.4, width = 80)
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            button = tk.Button(game)
            if state_map[i][j] == 4:
                button["bg"] = "Red"
            elif state_map[i][j] == 1:
                button["bg"] = "White"
                if game_map[i][j] != 0:
                    button["fg"] = color[game_map[i][j]]
                    button["text"] = game_map[i][j]
            elif game_map[i][j] != "X":
                button["bg"] = "Gainsboro"
                if state_map[i][j] == 2:    #错误标记
                    button["fg"] = "Red"
                    button["text"] = "X"
            else:
                if state_map[i][j] != 2:
                    button["bg"] = "MidnightBlue"
                else:
                    button["bg"] = "LawnGreen"
            button.place(x = (i + 0.5) * size , y = (j + 1.5) * size, height = size, width = size)
    showinfo(parent=game, title="游戏结束", message="很遗憾，游戏失败  (>﹏<)")
def spread(a, b):
    global state_map
    if state_map[a][b] == 1:
        return
    state_map[a][b] = 1
    if game_map[a][b] == 0:
        for k in range(8):
            if a + nx[k] < 0 or a + nx[k] >= length:
                pass
            elif b + ny[k] < 0 or b + ny[k] >= widthh:
                pass
            else:
                spread(a + nx[k], b + ny[k])
def left_work(event, a, b):
    global state_map
    if state_map[a][b] == 1:
        return
    elif game_map[a][b] == 'X':
        state_map[a][b] = 4
        failure()
    else:
        spread(a, b)
        draw()
def right_work(event, a, b):
    global state_map
    if state_map[a][b] == 1:
        return
    elif state_map[a][b] == 0:
        state_map[a][b] = 2
    elif state_map[a][b] == 2:
        state_map[a][b] = 3
    elif state_map[a][b] == 3:
        state_map[a][b] = 0
    draw()
def clear(): #用 winfo_children() 获取窗口中的所有子部件
    for item in game.winfo_children():
        if item.winfo_class() != "Menu":
            item.destroy()
def draw():
    clear()
    button = Button(game, text = "≥Ö‿Ö≤", bg = "Gainsboro", command = partial(create, length, widthh, tot))
    button.place(y = 3, relx = 0.4, width = 80)
    if judge() == 1:
        success()
        return
    game_size = str((length + 1)* size) + "x" + str((widthh + 2)* size)
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            button = tk.Button(game, bg = "Gainsboro")
            if state_map[i][j] == 0:
                pass
                #button["text"] = game_map[i][j]
            elif state_map[i][j] == 2:
                button["fg"] = "Red"
                button["text"] = "!"
            elif state_map[i][j] == 3:
                button["fg"] = "DarkBlue"
                button["text"] = "?"
            else:
                button["bg"] = "White"
                button["fg"] = color[game_map[i][j]]
                if game_map[i][j] != 0:
                    button["text"] = str(game_map[i][j])
            button.bind("<Button-1>", partial(left_work, a = i, b = j))
            button.bind("<Button-3>", partial(right_work, a = i, b = j))
            button.place(x = (i + 0.5) * size , y = (j + 1.5) * size, height = size, width = size)
    game.geometry(game_size)
def create(a, b, c):
    global game_map, state_map,length,widthh,tot
    length = a
    widthh = b
    tot = c
    data = random.sample(range(0, length * widthh - 1), tot)
    # random.sample(range(1, n), k) 表示从1~n的范围内随机生成k个不重复的数 结果以列表返回
    game_map = [[0] * widthh for i in range(length)]
    state_map = [[0] * widthh for i in range(length)]
    for val in data:
        game_map[int(val / widthh)][val % widthh] = 'X' #雷的位置为'X'
    for i in range(length):
        for j in range(widthh):
            if game_map[i][j] != 'X':
                for k in range(8):
                    if i + nx[k] < 0 or i + nx[k] >= length:
                        pass
                    elif j + ny[k] < 0 or j + ny[k] >= widthh:
                        pass
                    elif game_map[i + nx[k]][j + ny[k]] == 'X':
                        game_map[i][j] = game_map[i][j] + 1
    draw()
def DIY():
    a = v1.get()
    b = v2.get()
    c = v3.get()
    if a.isdigit() == 0 or b.isdigit() == 0 or c.isdigit() == 0:
        showinfo(parent=game, title="请重试", message="抱歉，输入数据不合法  (>﹏<)")
        return
    a = int(a)
    b = int(b)
    c = int(c)
    if a <= 0 or b <= 0 or a > 24 or b > 50:
        showinfo(parent=game, title="请重试", message="抱歉，地图大小不合法  (>﹏<)")
        return
    elif c < 0 or c > a * b:
        showinfo(parent=game, title="请重试", message="抱歉，地雷数目不合法  (>﹏<)")
        return
    create(a, b, c)


def home():
    clear()
    length = widthh = 0
    tot = 1e9
    game.geometry("300x280")  # 窗口大小 字母x
    words = tk.Label(game, text = "欢迎来到扫雷游戏!\n请选择您的游戏难度", font="五号")
    words.place(y=10, relx=0.2)
    b = tk.Button(game, text= "初级   9x9", font="五号", command=partial(create, 9, 9, 10))
    b.place(y=60, relx=0.3)
    b = tk.Button(game, text= "中级 16x16", font="五号", command=partial(create, 16, 16, 40))
    b.place(y=100, relx=0.3)
    b = tk.Button(game, text= "高级 16x30", font="五号", command=partial(create, 30, 16, 99))
    b.place(y=140, relx=0.3)

    global v1,v2,v3  #自定义地图
    v1 = tk.StringVar()
    e = tk.Entry(game,  textvariable = v1, font="五号", bg = "White", justify = tk.CENTER)
    e.place(y=220, height = 30, width=55,relx = 0.2)
    v2 = tk.StringVar()
    e = tk.Entry(game, textvariable = v2, font="五号", bg="White", justify = tk.CENTER)
    e.place(y=220, height = 30, width=55,relx = 0.4)
    v3 = tk.StringVar()
    e = tk.Entry(game, textvariable = v3, font="五号", bg="White", justify = tk.CENTER)
    e.place(y=220, height = 30, width=55,relx = 0.6)
    b = tk.Button(game, text = "  自定义  ",font = "五号", command=DIY)
    b.place(y=180, relx = 0.3)

def showhelp():
    with open('扫雷游戏Help.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        words = file.read()
    showinfo(parent=game, title="扫雷游戏", message=words)
def showmenu():
    m = tk.Menu(game)
    m.add_command(label="Home", command=partial(home))
    m.add_command(label="Help", command=partial(showhelp))
    game.config(menu=m)

showmenu()
home()
game.mainloop()

11.运行视频

扫雷演示

12.代码提交到gitee

（三） 实验过程中遇到的问题以及感想体会

• 问题1：最后一行/列button的大小不对
  

• 问题1解决方案：将height/width的设置移动到place语句里 咱也不懂为什么啊
  

• 问题2：传递参数时明明 传了2个参数，却报错说传了3个
  

• 问题2解决方案：将partial函数里隐藏参数event置为默认值 CHATGPTNB!!!
  

• 问题3：无法成功导入txt文件里的字
  

• 问题3解决方案：
  将 with open('扫雷游戏Help.txt', 'r') as file:
  修改为 with open('扫雷游戏Help.txt', encoding='utf-8') as file:

• 编写调试的过程中，还有很多细细碎碎的小问题记不清了zzz

• 感想体会
  我个人对GUI界面编程更多的兴趣，通过这次实验，对tkinter模块的应用变得更加熟练，也有了更深入的体会。
  虽然在扫雷地图的更新方面还有些不足（指更新地图的美丽转场小动画 延迟），但在今后的日子里，我也将继续学习提高，将编程更多更好地应用到日常生活，这是编程解决实际问题的魅力所在。

（四）全课总结

这学期非常高兴能选到王志强老师的python课 （据说往年都三秒没呀，感谢稀碎的教务系统卡我进去）

雀食如学长学姐们大力推荐的那样，python课程非常地生动有趣，也让我真正学到了不少本领。从python的基本语法，到其许多强大的库功能，以及socket、爬虫等知识。（虽然还有点懵懵）
不仅仅是理论知识的讲解，在课上老师允许我们使用电脑、并鼓励大家进行跟随实践，也时常联系到其他方面的知识，让我体会到python与其他编程语言的对比差异，深入掌握理论知识在实际项目中的应用，收益颇丰。

除此之外，python课程难度的设置也十分合理，有层次地由易到难、由浅到深，让我在每次实验过程中都能有全新的收获。
希望在之后的教学中，能有更加系统的socket编程/爬虫讲解 （弱弱教教呜呜） ，因为我对这方面的知识十分陌生，但又非常的感兴趣。 （同时，也希望加强考核难度，狠狠的拷打他们！！误）

最后，再次感谢老师的指导，祝老师的python课程能越办越好！（撒花.jpg）

参考资料

• 博弈Ai
• Python笔记之Tkinter(鼠标事件)
• tkinter.messagebox — Tkinter 消息提示
• 【tkinter标准对话框】messagebox
• Python tkinter - 第六章 输入控件(Entry)&属性
• python - 模式匹配 Tkinter 子小部件 (winfo_children) 以确定类型
• Python报错 UnicodeDecodeError: ‘gbk‘ codec can‘t decode bytein position 2: illegal multibyte sequence