flask中视图函数调用

1.当网页访问视图函数时,装饰器先调用route方法,route中实现闭包装饰视图函数,调用self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options),

    def route(self, rule, **options):
        def decorator(f):
            endpoint = options.pop('endpoint', None)
            self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)
            return f
        return decorator

2.self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)实现两个重要功能, 创建rule对象将rule加入到url_map中,设置endpoint映射视图函数的引用

	@setupmethod
    def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
    	if endpoint is None:
            endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)  # 如果endpoint为None,设置endpoint,endpont也可手动传入
        options['endpoint'] = endpoint
        
		rule = self.url_rule_class(rule, methods=methods, **options)  # 创建rule实例对象
        self.url_map.add(rule)  # 添加到url_map中
        if view_func is not None:
            old_func = self.view_functions.get(endpoint)
            if old_func is not None and old_func != view_func:
                raise AssertionError('View function mapping is overwriting an '
                                     'existing endpoint function: %s' % endpoint)
            	self.view_functions[endpoint] = view_func  # 字典中添加endpoint,实现映射

3.装饰后调用视图函数
flask底层通过dispatch_request方法返回视图函数的调用

def dispatch_request(self):
        req = _request_ctx_stack.top.request
        if req.routing_exception is not None:
            self.raise_routing_exception(req)
        rule = req.url_rule
        # if we provide automatic options for this URL and the
        # request came with the OPTIONS method, reply automatically
        if getattr(rule, 'provide_automatic_options', False) \
           and req.method == 'OPTIONS':
            return self.make_default_options_response()
        # otherwise dispatch to the handler for that endpoint
        return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)

return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)中字典self.view_functions通过键rule.endpoint找到对应的视图函数应用,而rule是通过req.url_rule得到的,url_rule是通过MapAdapter通过请求的规则遍历url_map中所有rule查找对应的rule,并设置为请求属性url_rule

    def match(self, path_info=None, method=None, return_rule=False,
              query_args=None):
        self.map.update()
        if path_info is None:
            path_info = self.path_info
        else:
            path_info = to_unicode(path_info, self.map.charset)
        if query_args is None:
            query_args = self.query_args
        method = (method or self.default_method).upper()

        path = u'%s|%s' % (
            self.map.host_matching and self.server_name or self.subdomain,
            path_info and '/%s' % path_info.lstrip('/')
        )

        have_match_for = set()
        for rule in self.map._rules:
            try:
                rv = rule.match(path, method) 
            except RequestSlash:
                raise RequestRedirect(self.make_redirect_url(
                    url_quote(path_info, self.map.charset,
                              safe='/:|+') + '/', query_args))
            except RequestAliasRedirect as e:
                raise RequestRedirect(self.make_alias_redirect_url(
                    path, rule.endpoint, e.matched_values, method, query_args))
            if rv is None:
                continue
            if rule.methods is not None and method not in rule.methods:
                have_match_for.update(rule.methods)
                continue

            if self.map.redirect_defaults:
                redirect_url = self.get_default_redirect(rule, method, rv,
                                                         query_args)
                if redirect_url is not None:
                    raise RequestRedirect(redirect_url)

            if rule.redirect_to is not None:
                if isinstance(rule.redirect_to, string_types):
                    def _handle_match(match):
                        value = rv[match.group(1)]
                        return rule._converters[match.group(1)].to_url(value)
                    redirect_url = _simple_rule_re.sub(_handle_match,
                                                       rule.redirect_to)
                else:
                    redirect_url = rule.redirect_to(self, **rv)
                raise RequestRedirect(str(url_join('%s://%s%s%s' % (
                    self.url_scheme or 'http',
                    self.subdomain and self.subdomain + '.' or '',
                    self.server_name,
                    self.script_name
                ), redirect_url)))

            if return_rule:
                return rule, rv
            else:
                return rule.endpoint, rv

        if have_match_for:
            raise MethodNotAllowed(valid_methods=list(have_match_for))
        raise NotFound()