Thread.join()方法解析

API:

join

public final void join()
                throws InterruptedException
等待该线程终止。


抛出:
InterruptedException - 如果任何线程中断了当前线程。当抛出该异常时,当前线程的 中断状态 被清除。

join

public final void join(long millis)
                throws InterruptedException
等待该线程终止的时间最长为 millis 毫秒。超时为 0 意味着要一直等下去。


参数:
millis - 以毫秒为单位的等待时间。
抛出:
InterruptedException - 如果任何线程中断了当前线程。当抛出该异常时,当前线程的 中断状态 被清除。

join

public final void join(long millis,
                       int nanos)
                throws InterruptedException
等待该线程终止的时间最长为 millis 毫秒 + nanos 纳秒。


参数:
millis - 以毫秒为单位的等待时间。
nanos - 要等待的 0-999999 附加纳秒。
抛出:
IllegalArgumentException - 如果 millis 值为负,则 nanos 的值不在 0-999999 范围内。
InterruptedException - 如果任何线程中断了当前线程。当抛出该异常时,当前线程的 中断状态 被清除。

解析

Thread.join(),是用来指定当前主线程等待其他线程执行完毕后,再来继续执行Thread.join()后面的代码


例1:

package com.example;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class DataSourcesLoader implements Runnable{

	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.printf("Beginning data sources loading: %s\n",new Date());
	    try {
	      TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
	    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
	      e.printStackTrace();
	    }
	    System.out.printf("Data sources loading has finished: %s\n",new Date());
	}

	public static void main(String[] args){
		DataSourcesLoader dsLoader = new DataSourcesLoader();
	    Thread thread1 = new Thread(dsLoader,"DataSourceThread");
	    
	    thread1.start();
	    
	    try {
	        thread1.join();
	      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
	        e.printStackTrace();
	      }
	      
	      System.out.printf("Main: Configuration has been loaded: %s\n",new Date());
	}

}
执行结果:

Beginning data sources loading: Fri Nov 14 14:27:31 CST 2014
Data sources loading has finished: Fri Nov 14 14:27:35 CST 2014
Main: Configuration has been loaded: Fri Nov 14 14:27:35 CST 2014
如果去掉thread1.join(),执行的结果如下:

Main: Configuration has been loaded: Fri Nov 14 14:28:33 CST 2014
Beginning data sources loading: Fri Nov 14 14:28:33 CST 2014
Data sources loading has finished: Fri Nov 14 14:28:37 CST 2014
通过结果,就可以很明显的说明上面红字的部分:“ 再来继续执行Thread.join()后面的代码

例2:

package com.example;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class DataSourcesLoader implements Runnable{

	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.printf("Beginning data sources loading: %s\n",new Date());
	    try {
	      TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
	    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
	      e.printStackTrace();
	    }
	    System.out.printf("Data sources loading has finished: %s\n",new Date());
	}

	public static void main(String[] args){
		DataSourcesLoader dsLoader = new DataSourcesLoader();
	    Thread thread1 = new Thread(dsLoader,"DataSourceThread");
	    
	    thread1.start();
	    
	    try {
	        thread1.join(3000);
	      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
	        e.printStackTrace();
	      }
	      
	      System.out.printf("Main: Configuration has been loaded: %s\n",new Date());
	}

}

这里使用的是:
thread1.join(3000);
这句话的意思是,只要满足下面2个条件中的一个时,主线程就会继续执行thread.join()后面的代码:

条件1:thread1 执行完毕;

条件2:已经等待 thread1 执行了3000ms.

例子中,thread1 自身的执行时间是4s,而设置的等待时间是3s,所以得到的执行结果如下,thread1还没有执行完,主线程就开始执行后面的代码,因为 thread1 等待的时间已经超时了:

Beginning data sources loading: Fri Nov 14 14:35:45 CST 2014
Main: Configuration has been loaded: Fri Nov 14 14:35:48 CST 2014
Data sources loading has finished: Fri Nov 14 14:35:49 CST 2014



那么结合上面的2个例子,我们可以推断出下面代码的执行结果了:

例3:

package com.example;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class DataSourcesLoader implements Runnable{

	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.printf("Beginning data sources loading: %s\n",new Date());
	    try {
	      TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
	    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
	      e.printStackTrace();
	    }
	    System.out.printf("Data sources loading has finished: %s\n",new Date());
	}

}

package com.example;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class NetworkConnectionsLoader implements Runnable{

	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.printf("Beginning network connect loading: %s\n",new Date());
	    try {
	      TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(6);
	    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
	      e.printStackTrace();
	    }
	    System.out.printf("Network connect loading has finished: %s\n",new Date());
		
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args){
		DataSourcesLoader dsLoader = new DataSourcesLoader();
	    Thread thread1 = new Thread(dsLoader,"DataSourceThread");
	    
	    NetworkConnectionsLoader ncLoader = new NetworkConnectionsLoader();
	    Thread thread2 = new Thread(ncLoader,"NetworkConnectionLoader");
	    
	    thread1.start();
	    thread2.start(); 
	    
	    try {
	        thread1.join();
	        thread2.join(1900);
	      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
	        e.printStackTrace();
	      }
	      
	      System.out.printf("Main: Configuration has been loaded: %s\n",new Date());
	}

}
执行结果:

Beginning data sources loading: Fri Nov 14 14:39:20 CST 2014
Beginning network connect loading: Fri Nov 14 14:39:20 CST 2014
Data sources loading has finished: Fri Nov 14 14:39:24 CST 2014
Main: Configuration has been loaded: Fri Nov 14 14:39:26 CST 2014
Network connect loading has finished: Fri Nov 14 14:39:26 CST 2014

注意:如果把例3的 thread2.join(1900) 部分修改为:

thread2.join(3000);
结果会和上面的一样吗?

根据我最开始指出的“ Thread.join(),是用来指定当前主线程等待其他线程执行完毕后,再来继续执行Thread.join()后面的代码

我们可以看到,执行结果会有差别:

Beginning data sources loading: Fri Nov 14 14:41:21 CST 2014
Beginning network connect loading: Fri Nov 14 14:41:21 CST 2014
Data sources loading has finished: Fri Nov 14 14:41:25 CST 2014
Network connect loading has finished: Fri Nov 14 14:41:27 CST 2014
Main: Configuration has been loaded: Fri Nov 14 14:41:27 CST 2014</span>

至于为什么会有这个差别,我上面也已经说明了,我想这个应该不难理解。

PS:代码部分截取来自《Java 7 Concurrency Cookbook》

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