SpringBoot(36) —— Shiro快速开始

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-10 15:09:11 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-07-10 15:09:11 发布

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文章标签： spring boot shiro

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Jzandth/article/details/108914211

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1.什么是Shiro

Apache Shiro 是 Java 的一个安全（权限）框架
Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用，其不仅可以用在 JavaSE 环境，也可以用在 JavaEE 环境
Shiro 可以完成：认证、授权、加密、会话管理、与Web 集成、缓存等
下载地址
- 官网
- github
直接取GitHub上下载压缩包即可

2.Shiro的作用

在这里插入图片描述

Authentication:身份认证/登录，验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份
Authorization:授权，即权限验证，验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限；即判断用户是否能进行什么操作，如：验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色。或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限
Session Management:会话管理，即用户登录后就是一次会话，在没有退出之前，它的所有信息都在会话中；会话可以是普通JavaSE环境，也可以是Web 环境的
Cryptography:加密，保护数据的安全性，如密码加密存储到数据库，而不是明文存储
Web Support:Web 支持，可以非常容易的集成到Web 环境
Caching:缓存，比如用户登录后，其用户信息、拥有的角色/权限不必每次去查，这样可以提高效率
Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证，即如在一个线程中开启另一个线程，能把权限自动传播过去
Testing:提供测试支持
“Run As”:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户（如果他们允许）的身份进行访问
Remember Me:记住我，这个是非常常见的功能，即一次登录后，下次再来的话不用登录了

3.Shiro架构(外部)

从外部来看Shiro，即从应用程序角度的来观察如何使用Shiro完成工作
在这里插入图片描述

Subject：应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject，也就是说Shiro的对外API 核心就是Subject。Subject 代表了当前“用户”，这个用户不一定是一个具体的人，与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject，如网络爬虫，机器人等；与Subject 的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager；Subject 其实是一个门面，SecurityManager才是实际的执行者
SecurityManager：安全管理器；即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SecurityManager交互；且其管理着所有Subject；可以看出它是Shiro的核心，它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互，它相当于SpringMVC中DispatcherServlet的角色
Realm：Shiro从Realm 获取安全数据（如用户、角色、权限），就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份，那么它需要从Realm 获取相应的用户进行比较以确定用户身份是否合法；也需要从Realm 得到用户相应的角色/权限进行验证用户是否能进行操作；可以把Realm 看成DataSource

4.Shiro架构(内部)

在这里插入图片描述

Subject：任何可以与应用交互的“用户”；
SecurityManager：相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet；是Shiro的心脏；所有具体的交互都通过- SecurityManager进行控制；它管理着所有Subject、且负责进行认证、授权、会话及缓存的管理
Authenticator：负责Subject 认证，是一个扩展点，可以自定义实现；可以使用认证策略（Authentication Strategy），即什么情况下算用户认证通过了
Authorizer：授权器、即访问控制器，用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作；即控制着用户能访问应用中的哪些功能
Realm：可以有1 个或多个Realm，可以认为是安全实体数据源，即用于获取安全实体的；可以是JDBC 实现，也可以是内存实现等等；由用户提供；所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的Realm
SessionManager：管理Session 生命周期的组件；而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web 环境，也可以用在如普通的JavaSE环境
CacheManager：缓存控制器，来管理如用户、角色、权限等的缓存的；因为这些数据基本上很少改变，放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能
Cryptography：密码模块，Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件用于如密码加密/解密

5.Hello World

- 解压下载的压缩文件

按照官方doc只是，下载压缩包之后解压，并进入对应的文件夹
创建一个普通的maven项目：springboot-07-shiro
老规矩：删除没有文件夹，把这个项目作为一个父项目，在它内部创建子model
创建子model：hello-shiro

直接打开例子中的pom.xml，将依赖导入子model，注意：按照使用最新版本原则，直接粘贴对应依赖去maven仓库中搜最新的，下面的都是最新的

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
            <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.0</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>java</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
            <configuration>
                <classpathScope>test</classpathScope>
                <mainClass>Quickstart</mainClass>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>


<dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.shiro/shiro-core -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
        <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
        <version>1.6.0</version>
    </dependency>


    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/jcl-over-slf4j -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.slf4j/slf4j-log4j12 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

拷贝快速开始例子的resource下的资源文件

log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

shiro.ini

[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
# 
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

拷贝Java代码，文件Quickstart.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.ini.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.lang.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
 *
 * @since 0.9 RC2
 */
public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
        // return a SecurityManager instance:

        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
        // for things.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();

        System.exit(0);
    }
}

测试
这里出现了第一个坑：IniSecurityManagerFactory已经过期，不能使用了，我在项目中连jar包都导入不进来

【解决方法1】将下面这3行代码更换为

Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

这4行代码

    DefaultSecurityManager factory = new DefaultSecurityManager();
    IniRealm iniRealm = new IniRealm("classpath:shiro.ini");
    factory.setRealm(iniRealm);
    SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(factory);

再次运行

【解决方法2】将原本的出错的import删除，自己手动导入，好处就是不用修改代码，动动手导入类即可
测试

测试成功！

6.小结

第一个Shiro程序运行成功总共分5步

下载Shiro
创建项目，导入pom依赖【当然，按照一贯使用最新的原则，直接去maven上面找对应的依赖即可】
粘贴Quickstart中的配置文件，两个：log4j.properties+shiro.ini
粘贴Quickstart.java代码【这里注意一下Quickstart中两个import有错误，直接删除自己导入即可】
运行测试

原来是小别扇

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SpringBoot(36) —— Shiro快速开始

目录1.什么是Shiro2.Shiro的作用3.Shiro架构(外部)4.Shiro架构(内部)5.Hello World6.小结1.什么是ShiroApache Shiro 是 Java 的一个安全（权限）框架Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用，其不仅可以用在 JavaSE 环境，也可以用在 JavaEE 环境Shiro 可以完成：认证、授权、加密、会话管理、与Web 集成、缓存等下载地址官网github直接取GitHub上下载压缩包即可2.Shiro的作用
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