Java中有一个描述类的类——Class,通过该类,可以获取某个类的具体描述,实现其中的方法,甚至可以访问其构造函数,私有成员与私有方法
Class可以通过三种方式获取某个类的具体描述:
“类名”.class;
“类的实例对象”.getClass()
Class.forName("完整类名“) 此方法需要捕获异常
如下:
Person person = new Person("mewec", 21, "nan");
Class clazz = Person.class;
Class clazz1 = person.getClass();
Class clazz2 = null;
try {
clazz2 = Class.forName("Test.Person");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
测试如下:
package Test;
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Person(String name, int age, String sex) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
}
}
package Test;
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Person person = new Person("mewec", 21, "nan");
Class clazz = Person.class;
Class clazz1 = person.getClass();
Class clazz2 = null;
try {
clazz2 = Class.forName("Test.Person");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(clazz == clazz1);
System.out.println(clazz == clazz2);
}
}
输出结果全为true
可以通过可以通过调用Class类的getDeclaredFields方法来获取Person类的所有属性(非父类),其返回类型为Field类型的数组
package Test;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person("mewec", 21, "nan");
Class clazz = Person.class;
Class clazz1 = person.getClass();
Class clazz2 = null;
try {
clazz2 = Class.forName("Test.Person");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();//获取Person类的所有非父类属性
for (Field f : fields) {
System.out.println(f.getName());//获取属性名称
}
}
}
输出结果为:
name
age
sex
package Test;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person("mewec", 21, "男");
Class clazz = Person.class;
Class clazz1 = person.getClass();
Class clazz2 = null;
try {
clazz2 = Class.forName("Test.Person");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();// 获取Person类的所有非父类属性
for (Field f : fields) {
System.out.println(f.getName());// 获取属性名称
}
System.out.println("person的原有姓名+" + person.getName() + "person的原有性别:" + person.getSex());
fields[0].setAccessible(true);// 设置fields[0]属性为可访问
fields[2].setAccessible(true);// 设置fields[2]属性为可访问
try {
System.out.println("通过Field的get方法获取person私有成员name的值:" + fields[0].get(person));
System.out.println("通过Field的get方法获取person私有成员sex的值:" + fields[2].get(person));
fields[0].set(person, "孟wc");// 修改person的name属性
fields[2].set(person, "女");// 修改person的sex属性
System.out.println("修改之后的name值:" + person.getName() + " 修改之后的sex值:" + person.getSex());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出结果:
name
age
sex
person的原有姓名+mewecperson的原有性别:男
通过Field的get方法获取person私有成员name的值:mewec
通过Field的get方法获取person私有成员sex的值:男
修改之后的name值:孟wc 修改之后的sex值:女
访问私有方法:
package Test;
public class Person {
private String name;
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
private void print() {
System.out.println("这是一个私有方法!!!");
}
}
package Test;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public abstract class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person("mememem");
Class cls = Person.class;
Method[] methods = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method mm : methods) {
System.out.println(mm.getName());
}
methods[2].setAccessible(true);
try {
methods[2].invoke(person, null);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}