一直不懂韦氏音标,有的拼法似乎很容易转成汉语拼音,有的就不知所以了。虽说现在韦氏音标用得越来越少,但还是有用得着的地方,比如旧西文书中涉及的中国人名和地名,以及旧书目记录中的信息。 美国国会图书馆的书目与规范记录虽然大都转成了汉语拼音,但也有未转换完成的。比如那天去查《改变千万人生的一堂课》的署名作者奥里森·马登(Marden, Orison Swett)的作品,就在LC目录中发现了几种未转换的中译书(都没有原题名,不知是否也是伪译?): Ching nien cheng kung chih lu(青年成功之路) Ju ho chu jen tou ti(如何出人头地——tou似乎不对) Lao lu yu hsing fu(劳碌与幸福) 此外,LC人名规范对在国外生活、著述的中国人,仍采用其本人用法,如鼎鼎大名的赵元任,规范名为:Chao, Yuen Ren。 曾见过韦氏音标与汉语拼音的对照表,可惜不记得是在哪本辞书中了。前些日子在"国会图书馆拼音转换计划 "中看到韦氏音标与汉语拼音对照表,于是拿来对照一番,总结出韦氏音标对应汉语拼音的规则。大致就是下面这样了,只不知是否还有没注意到的细节。
1、声母对照表(韦氏音标 -汉语拼音,相同不作对照)(头大!!!) p -b p` -p m f t -d t` -t n l k -g k` -k hch -j ch` -q hs -x(说明:后接韵母i、ü时;例外:chih 对应zhi,ch`ih 对应chi。)ch -zh ch` -ch sh j -r(说明:后接韵母a、o、e、u时)ts -z ts` -c s(特别:另有tzu 、tz`u 、ssu 分别对应汉语拼音的zi、ci、si。) y w
2、韦氏音标韵母以-h 结束,转为汉语拼音时舍去。(这个简单!)
3、韦氏音标韵母o ,在单用或声母为k 、k` 、h 时,转为汉语拼音e; 其它情况转为汉语拼音-uo。(有点伤脑筋...)
4、韦氏音标韵母i ,转为汉语拼音yi。(这个也简单!)
5、韦氏音标韵母与汉语拼音的其他3个不同韵母对照表(韦氏音标 汉语拼音)(一点不难!)-ien -ian (说明:yen 转为yan)-uei -ui-ung -ong
6、部分韦氏音标的ü 转换成汉语拼音时,根据规则省略ü上两点,转为u。(简单!)
7、除以上2-6外,其它韵母相同。
转换点评:声母可够让人头大的,开始几组韦氏音标与汉语拼音正好拧着。拧着已经够烦的了,还要以同一韦氏音标对不同的汉语拼音。好在韵母除-o有点伤脑筋外,其它都比较简单。
The table below presents Wade-Giles syllabic readings found in Di ming Han zi yi yin biao (1971) and the ALA-LC romanization tables (1997), and Pinyin equivalents based on sounds and romanizations found in Xian dai Han yu ci dian (1983). It is provided as a device to show the usual relationship between Wade-Giles and pinyin romanizations. This list is not exhaustive but presents most of the Wade-Giles romanizations that are likely to be found in older cataloging records. Similarly, the syllables which are possible using the Pinyin system of romanization are not limited to those contained in this list.
Wade-Giles Pinyin a a ai ai an an ang ang ao ao cha zha ch`a cha chai zhai ch`ai chai chan zhan ch`an chan chang zhang ch`ang chang chao zhao ch`ao chao che zhe ch`e che chen zhen ch`en chen cheng zheng ch`eng cheng chi ji ch`i qi chia jia ch`ia qia chiang jiang ch`iang qiang chiao jiao ch`iao qiao chieh jie ch`ieh qie chien jian ch`ien qian chih zhi ch`ih chi chin jin ch`in qin ching jing ch`ing qing chiu jiu ch`iu qiu chiung jiong ch`iung qiong cho zhuo ch`o chuo chou zhou ch`ou chou chu zhu ch`u chu ch? ju ch`? qu chua zhua chuai zhuai ch`uai chuai chuan zhuan ch`uan chuan ch黙n juan ch`黙n quan chuang zhuang ch`uang chuang ch黣h jue ch`黣h que chui zhui ch`ui chui chun zhun ch`un chun ch黱 jun ch`黱 qun chung zhong ch`ung chong en en erh er fa fa fan fan fang fang fei fei fen fen feng feng fo fo fou fou fu fu ha ha hai hai han han hang hang hao hao hei hei hen hen heng heng ho he hou hou hsi xi hsia xia hsiang xiang hsiao xiao hsieh xie hsien xian hsin xin hsing xing hsiu xiu hsiung xiong hs? xu hs黙n xuan hs黣h xue hs黱 xun hu hu hua hua huai huai huan huan huang huang hui hui hun hun hung hong huo huo i yi jan ran jang rang jao rao je re jen ren jeng reng jih ri jo ruo jou rou ju ru juan ruan jui rui jun run jung rong ka ga k`a ka kai gai
Wade-Giles Pinyin k`ai kai kan gan k`an kan kang gang k`ang kang kao gao k`ao kao ken gen k`en ken keng geng k`eng keng ko ge k`o ke kou gou k`ou kou ku gu k`u ku kua gua k`ua kua kuai guai k`uai kuai kuan guan k`uan kuan kuang guang k`uang kuang kuei gui k`uei kui kun gun k`un kun kung gong k`ung kong kuo guo k`uo kuo la la lai lai lan lan lang lang lao lao le le lei lei leng leng li li liang liang liao liao lieh lie lien lian lin lin ling ling liu liu lo luo lou lou lu lu l? l? luan luan l黙n luan l黣h lue lun lun lung long ma ma mai mai man man mang mang mao mao mei mei men men meng meng mi mi miao miao mieh mie mien mian min min ming ming miu miu mo mo mou mou mu mu na na nai nai nan nan nang nang nao nao nei nei nen nen neng neng ni ni niang niang niao niao nieh nie nien nian nin nin ning ning niu niu no nuo nou nou nu nu n? n? nuan nuan n黣h nue nung nong o e ou ou pa ba p`a pa pai bai p`ai pai pan ban p`an pan pang bang p`ang pang pao bao p`ao pao pei bei p`ei pei pen ben p`en pen peng beng p`eng peng pi bi p`i pi piao biao p`iao piao pieh bie p`ieh pie pien bian p`ien pian pin bin p`in pin ping bing p`ing ping po bo p`o po p`ou pou
Wade-Giles Pinyin pu bu p`u pu sa sa sai sai san san sang sang sao sao se se sen sen seng seng sha sha shai shai shan shan shang shang shao shao she she shen shen sheng sheng shih shi shou shou shu shu shua shua shuai shuai shuan shuan shuang shuang shui shui shun shun shuo shuo so suo sou sou ssu si su su suan suan sui sui sun sun sung song ta da t`a ta tai dai t`ai tai tan dan t`an tan tang dang t`ang tang tao dao t`ao tao te de t`e te teng deng t`eng teng ti di t`i ti tiao diao t`iao tiao tieh die t`ieh tie tien dian t`ien tian ting ding t`ing ting tiu diu to duo t`o tuo tou dou t`ou tou tu du t`u tu tuan duan t`uan tuan tui dui t`ui tui tun dun t`un tun tung dong t`ung tong tsa za ts`a ca tsai zai ts`ai cai tsan zan ts`an can tsang zang ts`ang cang tsao zao ts`ao cao tse ze ts`e ce tsei zei tsen zen ts`en cen tseng zeng ts`eng ceng tso zuo ts`o cuo tsou zou ts`ou cou tsu zu ts`u cu tsuan zuan ts`uan cuan tsui zui ts`ui cui tsun zun ts`un cun tsung zong ts`ung cong tzu zi tz`u ci wa wa wai wai wan wan wang wang wei wei wen wen weng weng wo wo wu wu ya ya yai yai yang yang yao yao yeh ye yen yan yin yin ying ying yo yo yu you y? yu y黙n yuan y黣h yue y黱 yun yung yong