一、HDFS客户端环境准备
1、配置hadoop的环境变量
2、创建一个maven的工程
3、导入相应的依赖坐标+日志添加
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId> <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId> <version>2.7.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId> <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId> <version>2.7.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId> <artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId> <version>2.7.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jdk.tools</groupId> <artifactId>jdk.tools</artifactId> <version>1.8</version> <scope>system</scope> <systemPath>${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar</systemPath> </dependency> </dependencies>4、创建log4j.properties文件
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n5、创建HdfsClient类
package com.kgf.hadoop; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URI; import java.net.URISyntaxException; public class HdfsClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException { // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 创建目录 fs.mkdirs(new Path("/1108/daxian/banzhang")); // 3 关闭资源 fs.close(); } }运行之后的效果：
6、我们也可以换种方式去指定运行时的用户名称
package com.kgf.hadoop; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URI; import java.net.URISyntaxException; public class HdfsClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException { // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); // FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 配置在集群上运行 configuration.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://hadoop20:9000"); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(configuration); // 2 创建目录 fs.mkdirs(new Path("/kgf/test")); // 3 关闭资源 fs.close(); System.out.println("over!"); } }客户端去操作HDFS时，是有一个用户身份的。默认情况下，HDFS客户端API会从JVM中获取一个参数来作为自己的用户身份：-DHADOOP_USER_NAME=kgf，kgf为用户名称。
然后运行结果：
二、HDFS的API操作
1、HDFS文件上传（测试参数优先级）
/** * HDFS文件上传 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ private void testCopyFromLocalFile() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException { // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); configuration.set("dfs.replication", "2");//设置副本数量 FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 上传文件 fs.copyFromLocalFile(new Path("e:/banzhang.txt"), new Path("/banzhang.txt")); // 3 关闭资源 fs.close(); System.out.println("over"); }将hdfs-site.xml拷贝到项目的根目录下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?> <configuration> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>1</value> </property> </configuration>
执行效果如下：
可以发现副本数是2：
参数优先级排序：
（1）客户端代码中设置的值 >
（2）ClassPath下的用户自定义配置文件 >
（3）然后是服务器的默认配置
2、HDFS文件下载
/*** * HDFS文件下载 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void testCopyToLocalFile() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{ // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 执行下载操作 // boolean delSrc 指是否将原文件删除 // Path src 指要下载的文件路径 // Path dst 指将文件下载到的路径 // boolean useRawLocalFileSystem 是否开启文件校验 fs.copyToLocalFile(false, new Path("/banzhang.txt"), new Path("e:/banhua.txt"), true); // 3 关闭资源 fs.close(); }3、HDFS文件夹删除
/*** * HDFS文件夹删除 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void testDelete() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{ // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 执行删除 fs.delete(new Path("/1108/"), true); // 3 关闭资源 fs.close(); }4、HDFS文件名更改
/*** * HDFS文件名更改 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void testRename() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{ // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 修改文件名称 fs.rename(new Path("/banzhang.txt"), new Path("/banhua.txt")); // 3 关闭资源 fs.close(); System.out.println("over!"); }5、HDFS文件详情查看
/*** * 查看文件名称、权限、长度、块信息 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void testListFiles() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{ // 1获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 获取文件详情 RemoteIterator<LocatedFileStatus> listFiles = fs.listFiles(new Path("/"), true); while(listFiles.hasNext()){ LocatedFileStatus status = listFiles.next(); // 输出详情 // 文件名称 System.out.println(status.getPath().getName()); // 长度 System.out.println(status.getLen()); // 权限 System.out.println(status.getPermission()); // 分组 System.out.println(status.getGroup()); // 获取存储的块信息 BlockLocation[] blockLocations = status.getBlockLocations(); for (BlockLocation blockLocation : blockLocations) { // 获取块存储的主机节点 String[] hosts = blockLocation.getHosts(); for (String host : hosts) { System.out.println(host); } } System.out.println("-----------班长的分割线----------"); } // 3 关闭资源 fs.close(); }效果(将目录下的文件都递归查询出来了)：
D:\jdk1.8.0_51\bin\java.exe -Dvisualvm.id=1345450326278400 -javaagent:D:\JetBrains\idea20190303\lib\idea_rt.jar=1048:D:\JetBrains\idea20190303\bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath 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com.kgf.hadoop.HdfsApiClient README.txt 1366 rw-r--r-- supergroup hadoop20 hadoop22 hadoop21 -----------班长的分割线---------- banhua.txt 15 rw-r--r-- supergroup hadoop22 hadoop21 -----------班长的分割线---------- kongming.txt 14 rw-rw-rw- kgf hadoop20 hadoop22 hadoop21 -----------班长的分割线---------- zhuge.txt 14 rw-r--r-- supergroup hadoop20 hadoop22 hadoop21 -----------班长的分割线---------- wc.input 46 rw-r--r-- supergroup hadoop20 hadoop22 hadoop21 -----------班长的分割线---------- zaiyiqi.txt 28 rw-r--r-- supergroup hadoop20 hadoop22 hadoop21 -----------班长的分割线---------- Process finished with exit code 06、HDFS文件和文件夹判断
/*** * HDFS文件和文件夹判断 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void testListStatus() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{ // 1 获取文件配置信息 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 判断是文件还是文件夹 FileStatus[] listStatus = fs.listStatus(new Path("/")); for (FileStatus fileStatus : listStatus) { // 如果是文件 if (fileStatus.isFile()) { System.out.println("f:"+fileStatus.getPath().getName()); }else { System.out.println("d:"+fileStatus.getPath().getName()); } } // 3 关闭资源 fs.close(); System.out.println("over"); }效果输出：
f:README.txt f:banhua.txt d:kgf d:sanguo d:user over
三、HDFS的I/O流操作
1、把本地e盘上的banhua.txt文件上传到HDFS根目录
/*** * 把本地e盘上的banhua.txt文件上传到HDFS根目录 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void putFileToHDFS() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException { // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 创建输入流 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("e:/banhua.txt")); // 3 获取输出流 FSDataOutputStream fos = fs.create(new Path("/banhua2.txt")); // 4 流对拷 IOUtils.copyBytes(fis, fos, configuration); // 5 关闭资源 IOUtils.closeStream(fos); IOUtils.closeStream(fis); fs.close(); System.out.println("over!"); }
2、从HDFS上下载banhua.txt文件到本地e盘上
/*** * 从HDFS上下载banhua.txt文件到本地e盘上 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void getFileFromHDFS() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{ // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 获取输入流 FSDataInputStream fis = fs.open(new Path("/banhua.txt")); // 3 获取输出流 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("e:/banhua3.txt")); // 4 流的对拷 IOUtils.copyBytes(fis, fos, configuration); // 5 关闭资源 IOUtils.closeStream(fos); IOUtils.closeStream(fis); fs.close(); System.out.println("over"); }
3、分块读取HDFS上的大文件，比如根目录下的/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz
下载第一块block0(1024*1024*128=134217728=128M):
/** * 下载第一块 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void readFileSeek1() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{ // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 获取输入流 FSDataInputStream fis = fs.open(new Path("/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz")); // 3 创建输出流 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("e:/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz.part1")); // 4 流的拷贝 byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; for(int i =0 ; i < 1024 * 128; i++){//计算下载第一块1024*1024*128=134217728 fis.read(buf); fos.write(buf); } // 5关闭资源 IOUtils.closeStream(fis); IOUtils.closeStream(fos); fs.close(); }
下载剩余的第二块block1
/*** * 下载第二块 * @throws IOException * @throws InterruptedException * @throws URISyntaxException */ public void readFileSeek2() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{ // 1 获取文件系统 Configuration configuration = new Configuration(); FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop20:9000"), configuration, "kgf"); // 2 打开输入流 FSDataInputStream fis = fs.open(new Path("/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz")); // 3 定位输入数据位置 fis.seek(1024*1024*128); // 4 创建输出流 FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("e:/hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz.part2")); // 5 流的对拷 IOUtils.copyBytes(fis, fos, configuration); // 6 关闭资源 IOUtils.closeStream(fis); IOUtils.closeStream(fos); }
合并文件：
在Window命令窗口中进入到目录E:\，然后执行如下命令，对数据进行合并
type hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz.part2 >> hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz.part1
合并完成后，将hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz.part1重新命名为hadoop-2.7.2.tar.gz。解压发现该tar包非常完整。
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