07 - HDFS客户端环境准备、HDFS的API操作、HDFS的I/O流操作

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已于 2024-04-09 22:35:47 修改

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分类专栏： # hadoop3.x 文章标签： hadoop

于 2022-05-28 22:18:31 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/K_520_W/article/details/125019462

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4、创建log4j.properties文件

5、创建HdfsClient类

6、我们也可以换种方式去指定运行时的用户名称

1、把本地e盘上的banhua.txt文件上传到HDFS根目录

2、从HDFS上下载banhua.txt文件到本地e盘上

3、分块读取HDFS上的大文件，比如根目录下的/hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz

一、HDFS客户端环境准备

1、配置hadoop的环境变量

2、创建一个maven的工程

3、导入相应的依赖坐标+日志添加

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.30</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

4、创建log4j.properties文件

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout  
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender  
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n  
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender  
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log  
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout  
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

5、创建HdfsClient类

package com.kgf.hdfs;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;

/**
 * @author kgf
 * @date 2024-04-09 21:47
 */
public class HdfsClient {

    @Test
    public void testMkdirs() throws IOException, URISyntaxException, InterruptedException {

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();

        // FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration);
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration,"kgf");

        // 2 创建目录
        fs.mkdirs(new Path("/xiyou/huaguoshan/"));

        // 3 关闭资源
        fs.close();
    }



}

运行之后的效果：

6、我们也可以换种方式去指定运行时的用户名称

package com.kgf.hdfs;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;

/**
 * @author kgf
 * @date 2024-04-09 21:47
 */
public class HdfsClient {

    @Test
    public void testMkdirs() throws IOException, URISyntaxException, InterruptedException {

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();

        // FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration);
//        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration,"kgf");

        // 配置在集群上运行
        configuration.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://hadoop102:8020");
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(configuration);

        // 2 创建目录
        fs.mkdirs(new Path("/kgf/huaguoshan2/"));

        // 3 关闭资源
        fs.close();
    }


}

客户端去操作HDFS时，是有一个用户身份的。默认情况下，HDFS客户端API会从JVM中获取一个参数来作为自己的用户身份：-DHADOOP_USER_NAME=kgf，kgf为用户名称。

然后运行结果：

二、HDFS的API操作

1、HDFS文件上传（测试参数优先级）

 @Test
    public void testCopyFromLocalFile() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        configuration.set("dfs.replication", "2");
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 上传文件
        fs.copyFromLocalFile(new Path("D:\\test\\sunwukong.txt"), new Path("/xiyou/huaguoshan"));

        // 3 关闭资源
        fs.close();
    }

将hdfs-site.xml拷贝到项目的根目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

执行效果如下：

可以发现副本数是2：

参数优先级排序：

（1）客户端代码中设置的值 >

（2）ClassPath下的用户自定义配置文件 >

（3）然后是服务器的默认配置

2、HDFS文件下载

 @Test
    public void testCopyToLocalFile() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 执行下载操作
        // boolean delSrc 指是否将原文件删除
        // Path src 指要下载的文件路径
        // Path dst 指将文件下载到的路径
        // boolean useRawLocalFileSystem 是否开启文件校验
        fs.copyToLocalFile(false, new Path("/xiyou/huaguoshan/sunwukong.txt"), new Path("d:/test/sunwukong2.txt"), true);

        // 3 关闭资源
        fs.close();
    }

3、HDFS文件夹删除

 @Test
    public void testDelete() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 执行删除
        fs.delete(new Path("/xiyou"), true);

        // 3 关闭资源
        fs.close();
    }

4、HDFS文件名更改

 @Test
    public void testRename() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 修改文件名称
        fs.rename(new Path("/xiyou/huaguoshan/sunwukong.txt"), new Path("/xiyou/huaguoshan/meihouwang.txt"));

        // 3 关闭资源
        fs.close();
    }

5、HDFS文件详情查看

@Test
    public void testListFiles() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {

        // 1获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 获取文件详情
        RemoteIterator<LocatedFileStatus> listFiles = fs.listFiles(new Path("/"), true);

        while (listFiles.hasNext()) {
            LocatedFileStatus fileStatus = listFiles.next();

            System.out.println("========" + fileStatus.getPath() + "=========");
            System.out.println(fileStatus.getPermission());
            System.out.println(fileStatus.getOwner());
            System.out.println(fileStatus.getGroup());
            System.out.println(fileStatus.getLen());
            System.out.println(fileStatus.getModificationTime());
            System.out.println(fileStatus.getReplication());
            System.out.println(fileStatus.getBlockSize());
            System.out.println(fileStatus.getPath().getName());

            // 获取块信息
            BlockLocation[] blockLocations = fileStatus.getBlockLocations();
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(blockLocations));
        }
        // 3 关闭资源
        fs.close();
    }

效果(将目录下的文件都递归查询出来了)：

========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/sanguo/shuguo.txt=========
rw-r--r--
kgf
supergroup
14
1712584428337
3
134217728
shuguo.txt
[0,14,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/sanguo/weiguo.txt=========
rw-r--r--
kgf
supergroup
7
1712584320223
3
134217728
weiguo.txt
[0,7,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/sanguo/wuguo.txt=========
rw-r--r--
kgf
supergroup
6
1712584386463
3
134217728
wuguo.txt
[0,6,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/tmp/hadoop-yarn/staging/history/done/2024/04/07/000000/job_1712497116860_0001-1712497301940-kgf-word+count-1712497334178-1-1-SUCCEEDED-default-1712497309937.jhist=========
rwxrwx---
kgf
supergroup
29530
1712497334353
3
134217728
job_1712497116860_0001-1712497301940-kgf-word+count-1712497334178-1-1-SUCCEEDED-default-1712497309937.jhist
[0,29530,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/tmp/hadoop-yarn/staging/history/done/2024/04/07/000000/job_1712497116860_0001_conf.xml=========
rwxrwx---
kgf
supergroup
214632
1712497334420
3
134217728
job_1712497116860_0001_conf.xml
[0,214632,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/tmp/hadoop-yarn/staging/history/done/2024/04/07/000000/job_1712497461227_0001-1712497506972-kgf-word+count-1712497521263-1-1-SUCCEEDED-default-1712497511299.jhist=========
rwxrwx---
kgf
supergroup
22325
1712497521442
3
134217728
job_1712497461227_0001-1712497506972-kgf-word+count-1712497521263-1-1-SUCCEEDED-default-1712497511299.jhist
[0,22325,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/tmp/hadoop-yarn/staging/history/done/2024/04/07/000000/job_1712497461227_0001_conf.xml=========
rwxrwx---
kgf
supergroup
214633
1712497521512
3
134217728
job_1712497461227_0001_conf.xml
[0,214633,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/tmp/logs/kgf/logs-tfile/application_1712497116860_0001/hadoop102_33725=========
rw-r-----
kgf
kgf
34828
1712497341672
3
134217728
hadoop102_33725
[0,34828,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/tmp/logs/kgf/logs-tfile/application_1712497116860_0001/hadoop103_46062=========
rw-r-----
kgf
kgf
177956
1712497342092
3
134217728
hadoop103_46062
[0,177956,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/tmp/logs/kgf/logs-tfile/application_1712497461227_0001/hadoop103_41470=========
rw-r-----
kgf
kgf
98909
1712497529060
3
134217728
hadoop103_41470
[0,98909,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/tmp/logs/kgf/logs-tfile/application_1712497461227_0001/hadoop104_44943=========
rw-r-----
kgf
kgf
34364
1712497528837
3
134217728
hadoop104_44943
[0,34364,hadoop103,hadoop104,hadoop102]
========hdfs://hadoop102:8020/xiyou/huaguoshan/meihouwang.txt=========
rw-r--r--
kgf
supergroup
9
1712672340005
2
134217728
meihouwang.txt
[0,9,hadoop102,hadoop104]

Process finished with exit code 0

6、HDFS文件和文件夹判断

 @Test
    public void testListStatus() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{

        // 1 获取文件配置信息
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 判断是文件还是文件夹
        FileStatus[] listStatus = fs.listStatus(new Path("/"));

        for (FileStatus fileStatus : listStatus) {

            // 如果是文件
            if (fileStatus.isFile()) {
                System.out.println("f:"+fileStatus.getPath().getName());
            }else {
                System.out.println("d:"+fileStatus.getPath().getName());
            }
        }

        // 3 关闭资源
        fs.close();
    }

效果输出：

d:sanguo
d:tmp
d:xiyou

Process finished with exit code 0

三、HDFS的I/O流操作

1、把本地e盘上的banhua.txt文件上传到HDFS根目录

/***
     * 把本地D盘上的banhua.txt文件上传到HDFS根目录
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     * @throws URISyntaxException
     */
    @Test
    public void putFileToHDFS() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException {

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 创建输入流
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\test\\banhua.txt"));

        // 3 获取输出流
        FSDataOutputStream fos = fs.create(new Path("/banhua2.txt"));

        // 4 流对拷
        IOUtils.copyBytes(fis, fos, configuration);

        // 5 关闭资源
        IOUtils.closeStream(fos);
        IOUtils.closeStream(fis);
        fs.close();
        System.out.println("over!");
    }

2、从HDFS上下载banhua.txt文件到本地e盘上


    /***
     * 从HDFS上下载banhua.txt文件到本地e盘上
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     * @throws URISyntaxException
     */
    @Test
    public void getFileFromHDFS() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 获取输入流
        FSDataInputStream fis = fs.open(new Path("/banhua2.txt"));

        // 3 获取输出流
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\test\\banhua3.txt"));

        // 4 流的对拷
        IOUtils.copyBytes(fis, fos, configuration);

        // 5 关闭资源
        IOUtils.closeStream(fos);
        IOUtils.closeStream(fis);
        fs.close();
        System.out.println("over");
    }

3、分块读取HDFS上的大文件，比如根目录下的/hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz

下载第一块block0(1024*1024*128=134217728=128M):

 /**
     * 下载第一块
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws InterruptedException
     * @throws URISyntaxException
     */
    @Test
    public void readFileSeek1() throws IOException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException{

        // 1 获取文件系统
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020"), configuration, "kgf");

        // 2 获取输入流
        FSDataInputStream fis = fs.open(new Path("/hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz"));

        // 3 创建输出流
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\test\\hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz.part1"));

        // 4 流的拷贝
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];

        for(int i =0 ; i < 1024 * 128; i++){//计算下载第一块1024*1024*128=134217728
            fis.read(buf);
            fos.write(buf);
        }
        // 5关闭资源
        IOUtils.closeStream(fis);
        IOUtils.closeStream(fos);
        fs.close();
    }

可以下载剩余的两块block

合并文件：

在Window命令窗口中进入到目录E:\，然后执行如下命令，对数据进行合并

type hadoop3.1.3.tar.gz.part2 >> hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz.part1

type hadoop3.1.3.tar.gz.part3 >> hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz.part1

合并完成后，将hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz.part1重新命名为hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz。解压发现该tar包非常完整。

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07 - HDFS客户端环境准备、HDFS的API操作、HDFS的I/O流操作

客户端去操作HDFS时，是有一个用户身份的。默认情况下，HDFS客户端API会从JVM中获取一个参数来作为自己的用户身份：-DHADOOP_USER_NAME=kgf，kgf为用户名称。合并完成后，将hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz.part1重新命名为hadoop-3.1.3.tar.gz。在Window命令窗口中进入到目录E:\，然后执行如下命令，对数据进行合并。将hdfs-site.xml拷贝到项目的根目录下。（1）客户端代码中设置的值 >（3）然后是服务器的默认配置。
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