数学分析项目练习-健康饮食方式如何帮助抵抗新型冠状病毒

为巩固所学的pandas、seaborn、matplotlib等包，作此练习。

根据在kaggle中下载的数据，本文将分析怎么样的饮食习惯能够帮助抵抗新型冠状病毒。
数据来源：kaggle

1.导入模块和数据

# 导入所需模块
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
plt.style.use('ggplot')

# 导入数据
fatsq = pd.read_csv('fatsq.csv')
fsk = pd.read_csv('fsk.csv')
fsqkg = pd.read_csv('fsqkg.csv')
psq = pd.read_csv('psq.csv')
sfd = pd.read_csv('sfd.csv')

2.检查和清洗数据

# 查看数据
fatsq.info()
fatsq.head(20)

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 170 entries, 0 to 169
Data columns (total 32 columns):
Country                         170 non-null object
Alcoholic Beverages             170 non-null float64
Animal Products                 170 non-null float64
Animal fats                     170 non-null float64
Aquatic Products, Other         170 non-null float64
Cereals - Excluding Beer        170 non-null float64
Eggs                            170 non-null float64
Fish, Seafood                   170 non-null float64
Fruits - Excluding Wine         170 non-null float64
Meat                            170 non-null float64
Miscellaneous                   170 non-null float64
Milk - Excluding Butter         170 non-null float64
Offals                          170 non-null float64
Oilcrops                        170 non-null float64
Pulses                          170 non-null float64
Spices                          170 non-null float64
Starchy Roots                   170 non-null float64
Stimulants                      170 non-null float64
Sugar Crops                     170 non-null float64
Sugar & Sweeteners              170 non-null float64
Treenuts                        170 non-null float64
Vegetal Products                170 non-null float64
Vegetable Oils                  170 non-null float64
Vegetables                      170 non-null float64
Obesity                         167 non-null float64
Undernourished                  163 non-null object
Confirmed                       161 non-null float64
Deaths                          161 non-null float64
Recovered                       161 non-null float64
Active                          161 non-null float64
Population                      170 non-null float64
Unit (all except Population)    170 non-null object
dtypes: float64(29), object(3)
memory usage: 42.6+ KB

#fatsq
fatsq = fatsq.dropna(axis=0)
fatsq.Undernourished = fatsq.Undernourished.str.replace("<2.5","2")
fatsq.Undernourished = pd.to_numeric(fatsq.Undernourished,errors='coerce')
#fsk
fsk = fsk.dropna(axis=0)
fsk.Undernourished = fsk.Undernourished.str.replace("<2.5","2")
fsk.Undernourished = pd.to_numeric(fsk.Undernourished,errors='coerce')
#fsqkg
fsqkg = fsqkg.dropna(axis=0)
fsqkg.Undernourished = fsqkg.Undernourished.str.replace("<2.5","2")
fsqkg.Undernourished = pd.to_numeric(fsqkg.Undernourished,errors='coerce')
#psq
psq = psq.dropna(axis=0)
psq.Undernourished = psq.Undernourished.str.replace("<2.5","2")
psq.Undernourished = pd.to_numeric(psq.Undernourished,errors='coerce')

• 对于含空值的数据，若赋值为0，会对结果影响较大，故全部删去所在行
• 而Undernourished列的值应该都是数字，查看后发现异常值都是’<2.5’，故全改成’2’，并转换成float类型
• 后三个文件经观察是相同的问题，故作相同操作
• 操作检查后，数据已不存在其他问题

3.根据所知数据，首先探究肥胖、营养不良和新型冠状病毒的患病率、死亡率、治愈率的关系

# 图一 肥胖和确诊率
sns.lmplot('Obesity','Confirmed',data=fatsq)
plt.show()

由图可知，肥胖率高的国家，确诊率也高很多，而肥胖率低的国家，确诊率普遍很低，没有高的情况出现。

# 图二 肥胖和死亡率
sns.lmplot('Obesity','Deaths',data=fatsq)
plt.show()

由图可知，高死亡率出现在高肥胖率的国家

# 图三 营养不良和确诊率
sns.lmplot('Undernourished','Confirmed',data=fatsq)
plt.show()

# 图四 营养不良和死亡率
sns.lmplot('Undernourished','Deaths',data=fatsq)
plt.show()

• 而营养相对不足与国家确诊率和死亡率程负相关，与常识不符。分析原因可能是，这些国家富有，所以流动性高肥胖率高，故而可分析肥胖率和营养不良率之间的关系

sns.lmplot('Obesity','Undernourished',fatsq)
plt.show()

• 有图可见一般肥胖率高的国家，营养不良率就低，而营养不良率相对高的国家，肥胖率很低

由此可见，肥胖率对新型冠状病毒的影响较大，且成正相关，而营养不良的影响较低

y = [i for i in range(1,24)]
s1 = list(map(lambda x:fsqkg.iloc[:,x].corr(fsqkg.iloc[:,24]),y))  #求出每种食物脂肪摄取量与肥胖率的相关性系数
s2 = list(map(lambda x:fsqkg.iloc[:,x].corr(fsqkg.iloc[:,26]),y))  #求出每种食物脂肪摄取量与确诊率的相关性系数
s3 = list(map(lambda x:psq.iloc[:,x].corr(fsqkg.iloc[:,26]),y))    #求出每种食物蛋白质与确诊率的相关性系数

df1 = pd.DataFrame(s1,index=fsqkg.columns[1:24],columns=fsqkg.columns[24:25])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(s2,index=fsqkg.columns[1:24],columns=fsqkg.columns[26:27])
df3 = pd.DataFrame(s3,index=fsqkg.columns[1:24],columns=fsqkg.columns[26:27])

df1 = df1.sort_values('Obesity')
df2 = df2.sort_values('Confirmed')
df3 = df3.sort_values('Confirmed')

df1.plot.bar(figsize=(15,8))
plt.show()

由每种食物脂肪摄取量与肥胖率的相关性系数作图如上

df2.plot.bar(figsize=(15,8))
plt.show()

由每种食物脂肪摄取量与确诊率的相关性系数作图如上

df3.plot.bar(figsize=(15,8))
plt.show()

由每种食物蛋白质摄取量与肥胖率的相关性系数作图如上

#筛选出相关性高的食物类型
df11 = df1.query('Obesity>0.4')
df22 = df2.query('Confirmed>0.2')
df33 = df3.query('Confirmed<-0.2')

#和食物类型解释表相结合，得出和肥胖确诊率相关性的食物
cf = df11.join(df22,how='inner')
eat_no = cf.merge(sfd,left_on=cf.index,right_on=sfd.Categories)
eat_no

	key_0	Obesity	Confirmed	Categories	Items
0	Animal fats	0.408394	0.401826	Animal fats	Butter, Ghee; Cream; Fats, Animals, Raw; Fish,...
1	Eggs	0.457353	0.325090	Eggs	Eggs
2	Milk - Excluding Butter	0.498707	0.372638	Milk - Excluding Butter	Milk - Excluding Butter
3	Meat	0.568245	0.327027	Meat	Bovine Meat; Meat, Other; Mutton & Goat Meat; ...
4	Animal Products	0.578788	0.463564	Animal Products	Aquatic Animals, Others; Aquatic Plants; Bovin...

上表为与确诊率和肥胖率相关性高得食物，平时最好减少摄取量

eat_yes = df33.merge(sfd,left_on=df33.index,right_on=sfd.Categories)
eat_yes

	key_0	Confirmed	Categories	Items
0	Treenuts	-0.515067	Treenuts	Nuts and products
1	Cereals - Excluding Beer	-0.442146	Cereals - Excluding Beer	Barley and products; Cereals, Other; Maize and...
2	Oilcrops	-0.282788	Oilcrops	Coconuts - Incl Copra; Cottonseed; Groundnuts ...
3	Offals	-0.277227	Offals	Offals, Edible

上表为与确诊率和肥胖率负相关性高得食物，我们可以多从这些食物中摄取所需的营养物