Computer English－(1)introduction

1. Data consists of the raw facts and figures that are processed into information.
	数据是指可以加工成信息的原始事实和数字

2. Information is summarised data or processed data.
	信息是经过总结和处理后的数据

3. Hardware refers to the physical equipment that can perform the basic functions within the data processing cycle.
	硬件是指数据处理周期中能够实现基本功能的物理设备

4. Software is a computer program made up of a sequences of detailed instructions designed to direct a computer to perform certain functions.
	软件是指一种计算机程序，即用于指导计算机实现一定功能的一段指令序列

5. Procedure refers to the rules and guidelines people follow  when using hardware , software and processing data.
	操作指南指人们在使用软硬件和处理数据中所遵循的规则和指导方针

6. Communication is an element of the computer-based information system where one computer system is set up to share data and information with another computer system.
	通信是计算机信息系统的重要组成部分之一，它使计算机系统能够与其他计算机系统共享数据和信息

7. Memory, also called main memory, primary storage, RAM(random access memory), is an internal storage area in the computer,where  data and programs designed for immediate processing are held.
	内存，又称主存，主存储器，RAM（随机存取存储器），是计算机的一个内置存储区域，在该区域中存储着需要进行及时处理的数据和程序

8. Microcomputer also called a personal computer or PC, defines a computer,which is designed for general use by a single person.It can perform all of its inputting, processing, outputting, and storage activities by itself. A personal computer contains at least one input device, one output device, one storage device, one memory and one processor.
	微型计算机，又称个人机或PC机，是以个人普通用途为目的而设计的计算机，她可以单独完成输入，处理，存储，输出任务。个人机至少包括一个输入设备，一个输出设备，一个存储设备，一个内存和一个处理器

9. Supercomputers are the fastest type of computers, they are employed for specialised applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations.
	超级计算机是指运算速度最快的一类计算机，用于需要巨大数据计算量的特殊领域

10. Mainframe is a very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds,or even thousands of users simultaneously
	大型计算机是能同时支持成千上万用户的巨大且昂贵的计算机
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11. ALU is an acronym  for arithmetic logic unit. It performs arithmetic,comparison, and logic operations. It's one part of the CPU.
	ALU是运算器的首字母缩略词，它负责完成算术，比较和逻辑运算，是中央处理器的一部分

12. ASUII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
	ASCII 表示美国信息交换标准代码

13. A bus is a cable which is capable of carrying signals representing data from one place to another 
	总线是一种导线，用于传输代表数据的信号

14. A chip, also called a silicon chip or semiconductor, is a small piece of silicon that contains thousands of microminiature electronic circuit components,mainly transistors.
	芯片又叫硅片，半导体，是一个包含数千个超小型电子元件的一小块硅片，该电子元件主要是晶体管

15. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) refers to the processor architecture found in most conventional mainframes and personal computers. It supports many complex instructions.
	复杂指令集计算机是指大多数传统大型机和个人机中处理器的体系结构，能支持许多复杂指令

16. RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) refers to processors that supports fewer instructions than CISC chips. The reduced number of instructions enables them to execute instructions faster.
	精简指令集计算机是指比复杂指令计算机支持更少指令，这种结构的处理器通过减少指令的数量，是处理器执行指令速度更快	 

17. A control unit is one components of the CPU, that tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out  program's instructions.
	控制器是处理器的一部分，用于告知计算机系统的其余部分如何执行程序指令

18. CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It perform the system's calculating and processing.
	中央处理器完成系统的计算和处理功能

19. High Performance Serial Bus （HPSB)  ports, also called FireWire ports, are faster than USB ports and provide connections to specialised HPSB devices such as camcorders.
	高性能串行总线端口，又名火线端口，该端口的速度比USB的速度更快，并为专用的高性能串行总线设备提供连接，如可携式摄像机

20. Input devices are the peripherals that allow users to enter data, program, commands, and user responses into a computer and transform them into a suitable form for processing.
	输入设备是一种允许用户将数据，程序，指令以及用户响应输入计算机，并将输入转换成适当的形式，以便于计算机处理的外围设备

21. A keyboard is the primary input device. It is used for entering letters,numbers and commands into system.
	键盘是主要的输入设备，用于将字母，数字和命令输入计算机系统

22. Memory is a holding area for data, instructions, and information.
	内存是数据，指令，信息的存储区域

23. MPP (Massively Parallel Processor) refers to processors that can execute more than one instruction at a time.
	大规模并行处理器是指一次能够执行一个以上指令的处理机

24. Output devices are hardware components that can convey information to a user in a form that they can use.
	输出设备是用于将信息以用户能够使用的形式传达给用户的硬件设备

25. A parallel port is an interface that connects devices by transferring more than one bit at a time.
	并行端口是一种一次传输一个以上比特的设备连接口

26. A serial port is a type of interface that connects a device to the system unit by transmitting data only one bit at a time.
	串行端口是一种接口，设备通过该接口连接到系统单元，且一次仅传输一位数据

27. A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen.
	指针设备是一种输入设备，允许用户控制屏幕上的指示符

28. A port is the interface, or point of attachment, to the system unit.
	端口是一个系统单元接口或附着点

29. RAM, which stands for Random Access Memory, is the main location for holding programs and data that the CPU is presently processing. It is volatile because everything in RAM is lot as soon as the computer is turned off.
	随机存储器是存储中央处理器正在进行处理的程序和数据的主要区域，当计算机关机后，RAM中的内容会全部消失，随机存储器是易失性的

30. ROM, which stands for Read Only Memory, is the computer memory ,on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written on a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. ROM is referred to as being nonvolatile.
	只读存储器是一种计算机存储器，该存储器中数据被事先抄录好。数据一旦被写入只读存储器，就不能被删除，而且为只读。当计算机关机后，ROM中的内容仍然保留着，只读存储器是非易失性的

31. Resolution describes the sharpness and clearness of an image, and it is related directly to the number of pixels a monitor can display.
	分辨率用于描述图像的清晰度，它与显示器的像素多少有直接的关系
32. A CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) chip provides flexibility and expandability for a computer system.
	CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体）芯片是为计算机系统提供灵活和扩展性的芯片

33. Secondary storage holds data, instructions, and information when they are not being used in the main memory of the computer.
	辅助存储器存储在计算机内存中不再被使用的数据，指令和信息，以备将来使用

34. A system board, also called motherboard, or main board, is the main circuit board in the system unit.
	系统板，又称母板或主板，是系统单元中主要的电路

35.Unicode is now becoming more prevalent. This is a 16 bit code, which allows for 65536 (2^16) different representations.
	统一字符编码标准现在很流行，它是一种16位编码，可代表65536个不同的码位

36. USB (Universal Serial Bus) port is a new industry wide standard that will eventually eliminate the need to install adapter card
	通用串行总线端口是一种广泛应用的新工业标准，它的使用将最终消除安装适配器的需求

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37. Software, also called a program, is a series of computer language coded instructors that tell the computer how to perform tasks.
	软件，也成为程序，是一系列告诉计算机如何执行任务的计算机语言编码指令

38. System software is a subclass of software. It consists of a collection of programs that control the operations of a computer and its devices. It servers as the interface between the users and the computer hardware.
	系统软件是软件的一种类型，它包括控制计算机及其相关设备的操作的程序集合，是用户和计算机硬件设备之间的接口

39. Application software consists of programs that perform specific tasks for users.
	应用软件是用用于完成用户特定任务而编写的程序

40. Operating system is a set of programs that control and run the operation of the computer hardware and provides an interface through which the user communicates with the computer.
	操作系统是一系列控制并操作计算机硬件的程序，是用户和计算机的借口

41. Utilities programs, also known as service programs, perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.
	实用程序常称为服务程序，完成与管理计算机资源有关的特定功能

42. Device drivers are specialised programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.
	设备驱动程序是为实现输入，输出设备同计算机系统的其他设备通信而设计的专用程序

43. User interface control how you enter data or instructions and how information is displayed on the computer screen.
	用户界面用于控制数据或指令的输入，以及信息在计算机屏幕上的显示