内置数据结构、函数和文件

为什么要学习？

While add-on libraries like pandas and NumPy add advanced computational functionality for larger datasets,they are designed to be used together with Python’s built-in data manipulation tools.

学什么？

We’ll start with Python’s workhorse data structures(主要数据结构):tuples(元组)，lists(列表),dicts（字典）and sets（集合）.
Then ,we’ll discuss creating your own reusable functions.
Finally,we’ll look at the mechanics of Python file objects and interacting with your local hard drive.

1.数据机构与序列

Tuple
A tuple is a fixed-length,immutable sequence of Python objects.(元组是一个固定长度、不可变的python对象序列)
创建元组
the easiest way to create one is with a comma-separated sequence of values
When you are defining tuples in more complicated expressions,it’s often necessary