C++:string类的模拟实现

为了更好的了解string类的底层是如何实现，也为了更加自如的运用string，我们来自己编写代码来模拟实现string。

头文件string.h部分代码如下：

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<assert.h>
namespace wyt
{

	class string
	{
	public:
		typedef char* iterator;

		iterator begin()
		{
			return _str;
		}

		iterator end()
		{
			return _str + _size;
			//指的是_size的下一个位置
		}

		string(const char* str = "")
		{
			_size = strlen(str);
			_capacity = _size;
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
			//多开一个，存放'\0'

			strcpy(_str, str);
		}

		//s2(s1)
		string(const string& s)
		{
			//_str = s._str;

			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
			_size = s._size;
			_capacity = s._capacity;
			strcpy(_str, s._str);
		}

		//s1 = s3
		string& operator=(const string& s)
		{
			if (this != &s)
			{
				char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
				strcpy(tmp, s._str);

				delete[] _str;
				_str = tmp;

				_size = s._size;
				_capacity = s._capacity;
			}
			return *this;
		}

		~string()
		{
			delete[] _str;
			_str = nullptr;
			_size = _capacity = 0;
		}

		const char* c_str() const
		{
			return _str;
		}

		size_t size() const
		{
			return _size;
		}

		size_t capacity() const
		{
			return _capacity;
		}

		//普通对象 可读可写
	    char& operator[](size_t pos)
		//这里后面不能加const,因为加了之后函数重载失败，且加const的对象不会调用这个函数，而会去调用下面那个函数
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			return _str[pos];
		}

		const char& operator[](size_t pos) const
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			return _str[pos];
		}

		void reserve(size_t n)
		{
			if (n > _capacity)
			{
				char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
				strcpy(tmp, _str);
				delete[] _str;
				_str = tmp;

				_capacity = n;
			}
		}

		void resize(size_t n, char ch = '\0')
		{
			if (n > _size)
			{
				reserve(n);
				for (size_t i = _size; i < n; ++i)
				{
					_str[i] = ch;
				}

				_size = n;
				_str[_size] = '\0';
			}
			else
			{
				_str[n] = '\0';
				_size = n;
			}
		}

		void push_back(char ch)
		{
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0 ? 4 : _capacity * 2;
				reserve(newcapacity);
			}

			_str[_size] = ch;
			_size++;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}

		void append(const char* str)
		{
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size + len > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_size + len);
			}

			strcpy(_str + _size, str);
			_size += len;
		}

		string& operator+=(char ch)
		{
			push_back(ch);
			return *this;
		}

		string& operator+=(const char* str)
		{
			append(str);
			return *this;
		}

		string& insert(size_t pos, char ch)
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);

			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				size_t newcapacity = _capacity == 0 ? 4 : 2 * _capacity;
				reserve(newcapacity);
			}

			//挪动数据
			/*int end = _size;
			while (end >= (int)pos)
			{
				_str[end + 1] = _str[end];
				--end;
			}*/

			size_t end = _size + 1;
			while (end > pos)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end - 1];
				--end;
			}

			_str[pos] = ch;
			++_size;

			return *this;
		}

		string& insert(size_t pos, const char* str)
		{
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size + len > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_size + len);
			}
			size_t end = _size + len;
			while (end > pos + len - 1)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end - len];
				--end;
			}

			strncpy(_str + pos, str, len);
			_size += len;

			return *this;
		}

		string& erase(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)
		{
			assert(pos < _size);

			if (len == npos || pos + len >= _size)
			{
				_str[pos] = '\0';
				_size = pos;
			}
			else
			{
				strcpy(_str + pos, _str + pos + len);
				_size -= len;
			}

			return *this;
		}

		size_t find(char ch, size_t pos = 0) const
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);
			while (pos < _size)
			{
				if (_str[pos] == ch)
				{
					return pos;
				}

				++pos;
			}
			return npos;
		}
		//or

		size_t find(const char* str, size_t pos = 0) const
		{
			assert(pos < _size);
			const char* ptr = strstr(_str + pos, str);
			//char *strstr( const char *str1, const char *str2 );
			//strstr函数是在字符串str1中查找是否含有字符串str2，如果存在，返回str2在str1中第一次出现的地址；否则返回NULL。
			if (ptr == nullptr)
			{
				return npos;
			}
			else
			{
				return ptr - _str;
			}
		}

		void clear()
		{
			_size = 0;
			_str[0] = '\0';
		}
	private:
		char* _str;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _capacity;

		const static size_t npos = -1;
	};

	ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
		{
			out << s[i];
		}
		return out;
	}

	istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
	{
		s.clear();
		char ch = in.get();
		while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
		{
			s += ch;
			ch = in.get();
		}

		return in;
	}
	void Test6()
	{
		string s;
		cin >> s;
		cout << s << endl;
	}
}

test.cpp中代码如下：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"string.h"
void Test5()
{
	wyt::string s("wyt");
	s += " xwh";
	s.erase(3,2);
	//cout << s << endl;
}
int main()
{
	wyt::Test6();
	return 0;
}

这里一些基本的测试函数可以自己另外编写。

本文仅为练习代码分享。

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