反射机制:
让对象告诉我们它的相关信息(对象拥有的属性和方法, 对象所属的类, 这个类是否有某个属性或者方法等等)
# 1. 对象拥有的属性和方法
li = [1,2,3,4]
print(dir(li))
print(help(li.index))
import random
# 乌龟类
class Turtle(object):
# 构造函数什么时候执行? =—=====创建对象时执行
def init(self): # self指的是实例化的对象;
# 乌龟的属性: x,y轴坐标和体力值
# 乌龟的x轴范围(1,10)
self.x = random.randint(1, 10)
self.y = random.randint(1, 10)
# 乌龟初始化体力为100
self.power = 100
# 类的方法:
def move(self):
# 乌龟的最大移动能力为2, [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]
move_skill = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]
# 计算出乌龟的新坐标(10, 12)
new_x = self.x + random.choice(move_skill)
new_y = self.y + random.choice(move_skill)
# 对于新坐标进行检验, 是否合法, 如果不合法, 进行处理
self.x = self.is_vaild(new_x)
self.y = self.is_vaild(new_y)
# 乌龟每移动一次,体力消耗1
self.power -= 1
def is_vaild(self, value):
"""
判断传进来的x轴坐标或者y轴坐标是否合法?
1). 如果合法, 直接返回传进来的值;
2). value <= 0 =====> abs(value)
3). value > 10 =====> 10-(value-10)
:param value:
:return:
"""
if 1 <= value <= 10:
return value
elif value < 1:
return abs(value)
else:
return 10 - (value - 10)
def eat(self):
# 当乌龟和鱼坐标重叠,乌龟吃掉鱼,乌龟体力增加20
self.power += 20
turtle = Turtle()
print(dir(turtle))
# 2. 判断对象所属的类
a = [1,2,3,4]
print(type(a))
print(type(turtle))
from datetime import date
d = date(2018, 1,1)
print(type(d))
print(isinstance(1, str))
print(isinstance(turtle, Turtle))
# 3. 根据魔术方法来获取
print(turtle.__class__)
print(turtle.__dict__)
print(turtle.__doc__)
# 4. hasattr, getattr, setattr, delattr
print(hasattr(turtle, 'x'))
print(hasattr(turtle, 'x1'))
print(getattr(turtle, 'x'))
# print(getattr(turtle, 'x1')) # Error:'Turtle' object has no attribute 'x1'
setattr(turtle, 'x', '100')
print(getattr(turtle, 'x'))
delattr(turtle, 'x')
print(hasattr(turtle, 'x'))
案例1_与模块相关
lib包中的__init__模块:
from day13.lib.bbs import *
from day13.lib.news import *
from day13.lib.music import *
lib包中的bbs模块:
def index():
return 'bbs index'
def login():
return "bbs login"
def logout():
return "bbs logout"
lib包中的music模块:
def index():
return 'music index'
def login():
return "music login"
def logout():
return "music logout"
lib包中的news模块:
def index():
return 'news index'
def login():
return "news login"
def logout():
return "news logout"
代码:
from day13.lib import bbs #导入写好的模块
def run():
# 用户输入url地址: http://www.baidu.com/news/index
# 用户输入url地址: http://www.baidu.com/bbs/login
modules, func = input('url:').split('/')[-2:] # 获取目录的倒数两个, 即 bbs login
# print(modules, func)
# 倒入一个包含变量的模块名, 其中obj就是导入模块的别名
obj = __import__('lib.'+ modules)
# print(obj)
if hasattr(obj, func):
return getattr(obj, func)()
else:
return '404:页面找不到'
if __name__ == '__main__':
while True:
print(run())
案例2:
class Web(object):
def bbs(self):
return "<h1>bbs</h1>"
def news(self):
return "<h1>news</h1>"
def music(self):
return "<h1>music</h1>"
def movie(self):
return "<h1>movie</h1>"
# 假设下面还有50个
def run():
flask = Web()
# 用户输入url地址: http://www.baidu.com/news
url = input('url:').split('/')[-1]
if hasattr(flask, url):
return getattr(flask, url)()
else:
return '404'
if __name__ == '__main__':
while True:
print(run())