QT-Socket编程之模拟TCP五层协议解/封装

一、消息封/解装仿真系统的设计

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1. 结构示意图

按照TCP五层模型仿真消息在两台主机间的通信过程（见下图）:

2. 基本要求

（1）在发送端模拟数据从高层到低层的封装过程，在接收端模拟数据从低层到高层的解封装过程；
（2）按照每层的功能对数据填加报头，并显示每一层得到的封/解装格式；
（3）传输层和网络层的封装格式参考TCP/IP的相应各层协议格式；
（4）网络层的IP报文需要模拟报文分段和重组的过程；
（5）数据链路层帧格式参考局域网的MAC帧格式；
（6）物理层显示为0或1比

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二、具体设计和相关代码

1. 准备

要在QT里面进行Socket编程，必须在QT创建的项目文件开始添加：

QT += core gui network

2. 客户端

（1）先在client.h头文件中引入 #include <ＱtNetwork>，创建客户端通信套接字

QTcpSocket *c_socket; //客户端通信套接字

（2） 在client.cpp文件中实现：

void client::on_Connect_clicked()
{
    QString ip = ui->IP->text();
    qint16 port = ui->Port->text().toInt();
    if(ip.isEmpty() == true || port == 0)
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "警告", "IP或端口不能为空");
        return;
    }
    c_socket->abort();//断开所有连接
    c_socket->connectToHost(QHostAddress(ip),port);//127.0.0.1"代表主机
    bool connected = c_socket->waitForConnected();
    if(connected){

        OkConnection();
    }
}

//点击发送按钮
void client::on_Send_clicked()
{
    QString message = ui->message->text();//获取发送框内数据
    if(message != "")
    {
        QString buf = message;
        c_socket->write(buf.toUtf8().data());//发送到服务器
    }
    else
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "发送", "发送数据为空!");
        return;
    }
}

（3）客户端UI效果图

3. 服务端

（1）先在server.h头文件中引入 #include <ＱtNetwork>，创建客户端通信套接字

QTcpServer *s_listen;//服务器监听套接字
QTcpSocket *s_socket;//服务器通信套接字

（2）在server.cpp文件中实现：

newListen();
connect(s_listen, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(acceptConnection()));
}

//接受读取消息
void server::revdata()
{
   QString datas = s_socket->readAll();
}

//监听
void server::newListen()

{
     //监听是否有客户端来访，且对任何来访者监听，端口为11111
   if(!s_listen->listen(QHostAddress::Any,SERVER_PORT))
   {
           QMessageBox::warning(this, "监听", "监听失败!");
           return;
   }
}

//接受连接
void server::acceptConnection()
{
    QMessageBox::information(this, "连接状态", "连接成功!");
    ui->send->setEnabled(true);
    s_socket = s_listen->nextPendingConnection();
    connect(s_socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(revdata()));
}

（3） 服务端UI效果图

4. 封装

PS：详细协议内容参考《计算机网络》（第五版）(谢希仁编著书籍)

commondata.cpp

#include "commondata.h"
#define BUF_SIZE 16
QString AppLayer(QString msg)
{

    QString tmp;
    QString header = "AppHeader";//TCP头
    tmp = header + '#' + msg;
    return tmp;
}


QString TransLayer(QString msg)
{

    QString tmp;
    QString TCPheader;

    //0-15bit Source Port
    QString SourcePort = "0000000011111111";
    //16-31bit Destination Port 11111
    QString DesPort = "0010101101100111";
    //32bits Sequence Number
    QString SequenceNum = "00000000000000000000000000001011";
    //32bits Acknowledgement Number
    QString AckNum = "00000000000000000000000011111011";
    //4bits Header Length
    QString HeaderLength = "0101";
    //6bits Reserved
    QString Reserved ="000000";
    //URG;ACK;PSH;RST;SYN;FIN
    QString Flag = "000000";
    //16bits Window Size
    QString Windowsize = "0000000000000111";
    //16bits Checksum
    QString CheckSum = "0101010101010010";
    //16bits UrgentPointer
    QString UrgentP = "0000000000001111";
    TCPheader = SourcePort + DesPort + SequenceNum + AckNum + \
    HeaderLength + Reserved + Flag + Windowsize + CheckSum + UrgentP;
    tmp = TCPheader + "#" + msg;
    return tmp;
}

QString NetLayer(QString msg)
{
    QString tmp;
    QString NetHeader;

    QString VER = "0100"; //4bits
    QString HLEN = "1111";//4bits
    QString Service = "00000000";//8bits
    QString totalLenth = "0101010101010101";//16bits
    QString Identification = "0000000000000000";//16bits
    QString Flag = "000";//3bits
    QString FragmentationOffset = "0000000000000";//13bits
    QString TTL = "00000000"; //8bits,time to live
    QString Protocol = "00000000";//8bits
    QString HeaderChecksum = "0000000000000000";//16bits
    QString SourIPAddress = "00000000000000000000000000000000";//32bits
    QString DestinationIPAddress = "00000000000000000000000000000000";//32bits
    QString Option = "";
    NetHeader = VER + HLEN + totalLenth + Identification +\
    Flag + FragmentationOffset + TTL + Protocol + HeaderChecksum + SourIPAddress + DestinationIPAddress + Option;
    tmp = NetHeader + '#' + msg;
    return tmp;

}

QString LinkLayer(QString msg)
{
    QString tmp;
    QString FrameFlag1 = "00001111"; // 8bits
    QString FrameAdd = "11101011";//8bits
    QString FrameControl = "01111000";//8bits
    QString FrameData = msg ;
    QString FrameFCS = "1010010101011000";//16bits
    QString FrameFlag2 = "10110101";//8bits
    tmp = FrameFlag1 + FrameAdd + FrameControl + '#' + FrameData + '#' + FrameFCS + FrameFlag2;
    return tmp;

}

QString PhyLayer(QString msg)
{
    QString tmp;
    QString Phyheader = "PhyHeader";//


    tmp = Phyheader + '#' + msg;
    return tmp;

}

三、运行效果