[Spring]配置简单Bean详解

IOC&DI即控制反转与依赖注入。是Spring的一大特性。

BeanFactory为Spring实现IOC的接口，可以将BeanFactory看作IOC容器。由于BeanFactory有相关缺陷，衍生出更强大的子接口，ApplicationContext为BeanFactory子接口。

下面对IOC的使用进行详解
首先为Bean

public class User {

    private String name;

    private int age;

    public User() {
        super();
    }

    public User(int age) {
        super();
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User(String name) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
    }

    public User(String name, int age) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }



}

public class Student {

    private String id;

    private User user;

    public Student() {
        super();
    }

    public Student(String id, User user) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.user = user;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student [id=" + id + ", user=" + user + "]";
    }
}

然后创建applicationContext.xml对Bean进行配置

一个<bean>标签意味着要向IOC容器中注入一个类。
注入主要分为两种方式：

 - 构造器注入
 - set方法注入

例1

    <!-- property:指定属性名进行set注入 -->
    <bean id="user" class="spring.bean.User">
        <property name="name" value="konaji"></property>
        <property name="age" value="30"></property>
    </bean>

    public static void test1 (){
        /**
         * ApplicationContext : Spring的IOC容器
         * ClassPathXmlApplicationContext为IOC的实现类之一，读取的XML配置的Bean
         */
        ApplicationContext context = 
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        //User [name=konaji, age=30]
    }

例2

    <!-- constructor-arg：根据构造进行注入 -->
    <bean id="user1" class="spring.bean.User">
        <constructor-arg value="konaji"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    public static void test2 (){
        ApplicationContext context = 
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user1");
        //User [name=konaji, age=0]
    }

例3

    <!-- 
        constructor-arg：type：指定构造的类型
        应用场景：构造方法（String s1,String s2,int i）
        不指定type，会分别将konaji，20赋值给s1,s2
        指定type，会分别将konaji，20赋值给s1,i
    -->
    <bean id="user2" class="spring.bean.User">
        <constructor-arg value="konaji" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="20" type="int"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    public static void test3 (){
        ApplicationContext context = 
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user2");
        //User [name=konaji, age=20]
    }

例4

    <!-- 
        constructor-arg：index：指定构造方法中属性的位置
        应用场景：构造方法（String s1,String s2,int i）
        不指定index，会分别将konaji，20赋值给s1,s2
        指定index，会分别将konaji，20赋值给s1,i
    -->
    <bean id="user3" class="spring.bean.User">
        <constructor-arg value="konaji" index="0"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="20" index="1"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    public static void test4 (){
        ApplicationContext context = 
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user3");
        //User [name=konaji, age=20]
    }

例5

    <!-- 当类属性为另一个类时，可以使用ref,指向XML中配置的类ID进行注入 -->
    <bean id="student" class="spring.bean.Student">
        <property name="id" value="10000"></property>
        <!-- user3指向前面配置的id为user3的bean -->
        <property name="User" ref="user3"></property>
    </bean>
    public static void test5 (){
        ApplicationContext context = 
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        //Student [id=10000, user=User [name=konaji, age=20]]
    }

例6

    <!-- 当类属性为另一个类时，可以使用ref,指向XML中配置的类ID进行注入 -->
    <bean id="student1" class="spring.bean.Student">
        <constructor-arg value="10000"></constructor-arg>
        <!-- user3指向前面配置的id为user3的bean -->
        <constructor-arg ref="user3"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    public static void test6 (){
        ApplicationContext context = 
                new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student1");
        //Student [id=10000, user=User [name=konaji, age=20]]
    }