matplotlib.pyplot数据可视化（第三方库）

一、matplotlib.pyplot绘图相关的对象：

1、容器类：图（figure）、坐标系（axes）、坐标轴（axis）、刻度（tick）
2、基础类：线（line）、点（marker）、文本（text）、图例（legend）、网格（grid）、标题（title）

二、绘图的类型：

1、线形图：plot()
2、直方图：hist()
3、条形图：bar()
4、饼图：pie()
5、散点图：scatter()
6、3D图：from mpl_toolkits.mplt3d import Axes3D
7、动态交互图：pyecharts

 

 

 

x= np.arange(0,5,0.02)    #从0-5中以0.02为等差的等差序列

Out[50]:

array([0.  , 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1 , 0.12, 0.14, 0.16, 0.18, 0.2 ,
       0.22, 0.24, 0.26, 0.28, 0.3 , 0.32, 0.34, 0.36, 0.38, 0.4 , 0.42,
       0.44, 0.46, 0.48, 0.5 , 0.52, 0.54, 0.56, 0.58, 0.6 , 0.62, 0.64,
       0.66, 0.68, 0.7 , 0.72, 0.74, 0.76, 0.78, 0.8 , 0.82, 0.84, 0.86,
       0.88, 0.9 , 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, 0.98, 1.  , 1.02, 1.04, 1.06, 1.08,
       1.1 , 1.12, 1.14, 1.16, 1.18, 1.2 , 1.22, 1.24, 1.26, 1.28, 1.3 ,
       1.32, 1.34, 1.36, 1.38, 1.4 , 1.42, 1.44, 1.46, 1.48, 1.5 , 1.52,
       1.54, 1.56, 1.58, 1.6 , 1.62, 1.64, 1.66, 1.68, 1.7 , 1.72, 1.74,
       1.76, 1.78, 1.8 , 1.82, 1.84, 1.86, 1.88, 1.9 , 1.92, 1.94, 1.96,
       1.98, 2.  , 2.02, 2.04, 2.06, 2.08, 2.1 , 2.12, 2.14, 2.16, 2.18,
       2.2 , 2.22, 2.24, 2.26, 2.28, 2.3 , 2.32, 2.34, 2.36, 2.38, 2.4 ,
       2.42, 2.44, 2.46, 2.48, 2.5 , 2.52, 2.54, 2.56, 2.58, 2.6 , 2.62,
       2.64, 2.66, 2.68, 2.7 , 2.72, 2.74, 2.76, 2.78, 2.8 , 2.82, 2.84,
       2.86, 2.88, 2.9 , 2.92, 2.94, 2.96, 2.98, 3.  , 3.02, 3.04, 3.06,
       3.08, 3.1 , 3.12, 3.14, 3.16, 3.18, 3.2 , 3.22, 3.24, 3.26, 3.28,
       3.3 , 3.32, 3.34, 3.36, 3.38, 3.4 , 3.42, 3.44, 3.46, 3.48, 3.5 ,
       3.52, 3.54, 3.56, 3.58, 3.6 , 3.62, 3.64, 3.66, 3.68, 3.7 , 3.72,
       3.74, 3.76, 3.78, 3.8 , 3.82, 3.84, 3.86, 3.88, 3.9 , 3.92, 3.94,
       3.96, 3.98, 4.  , 4.02, 4.04, 4.06, 4.08, 4.1 , 4.12, 4.14, 4.16,
       4.18, 4.2 , 4.22, 4.24, 4.26, 4.28, 4.3 , 4.32, 4.34, 4.36, 4.38,
       4.4 , 4.42, 4.44, 4.46, 4.48, 4.5 , 4.52, 4.54, 4.56, 4.58, 4.6 ,
       4.62, 4.64, 4.66, 4.68, 4.7 , 4.72, 4.74, 4.76, 4.78, 4.8 , 4.82,
       4.84, 4.86, 4.88, 4.9 , 4.92, 4.94, 4.96, 4.98])

In [51]:

np.pi

Out[51]:

3.141592653589793

In [53]:

np.random.rand(100)  #从0-1随机取100个值作为一维数组

Out[53]:

array([0.93640863, 0.99925719, 0.37258005, 0.72315503, 0.80257805,
       0.55685902, 0.99317584, 0.46466025, 0.40978064, 0.37466004,
       0.22918062, 0.44189016, 0.11355358, 0.8527223 , 0.6700699 ,
       0.14843982, 0.94657177, 0.74770023, 0.86024733, 0.1633607 ,
       0.75530802, 0.82798628, 0.71486434, 0.42995012, 0.69508889,
       0.96309177, 0.9286612 , 0.20050026, 0.96306377, 0.6268857 ,
       0.97098982, 0.36410468, 0.2280929 , 0.09849383, 0.52241337,
       0.18866776, 0.77494775, 0.9754147 , 0.19524798, 0.07291903,
       0.22130111, 0.84712846, 0.15409504, 0.25795614, 0.54646812,
       0.26736928, 0.70371153, 0.43008378, 0.07847081, 0.93022163,
       0.87191909, 0.81720448, 0.31498698, 0.18093946, 0.65583147,
       0.3021455 , 0.17660724, 0.90828778, 0.28943711, 0.54502195,
       0.80098841, 0.39277196, 0.394566  , 0.25354937, 0.82467976,
       0.6979859 , 0.38031123, 0.37139516, 0.21115828, 0.19647203,
       0.99986502, 0.88030757, 0.80561131, 0.90684773, 0.13841792,
       0.08508394, 0.63562603, 0.58187242, 0.88506895, 0.23019591,
       0.11516908, 0.13408362, 0.62535181, 0.49347482, 0.57289634,
       0.43056958, 0.26349063, 0.5075597 , 0.15089116, 0.77269668,
       0.11443515, 0.15340103, 0.48578363, 0.9735113 , 0.87987395,
       0.18208731, 0.04621427, 0.32519019, 0.5710806 , 0.9370274 ])

In [55]:

np.random.randint(10,20,(5,6))   #从选定区域（10，20）随机生成5行6列的整数二维数组

Out[55]:

array([[19, 16, 15, 11, 19, 17],
       [11, 11, 11, 18, 15, 11],
       [18, 12, 10, 16, 16, 10],
       [18, 11, 11, 19, 19, 13],
       [19, 11, 13, 16, 12, 11]])

In [56]:

np.random.randn(100)   #随机生成正态分布点

Out[56]:

array([-0.09989012, -0.95248255, -0.2102676 , -2.21279556,  0.17746271,
       -0.04958004,  0.45987501, -0.14732141,  1.52215518, -1.78879586,
        1.41899935,  0.57237266,  0.08848031,  0.43499152,  0.21394101,
        0.02603869, -0.54367835, -1.34662579, -0.15826117, -1.21761982,
       -0.15135049,  0.2410564 , -0.71940852,  1.76280768,  1.11196391,
        0.40685084, -0.45093218,  0.38289751, -1.50118233, -0.97924006,
       -1.85047065, -0.81191631,  0.4780423 ,  1.75326347, -1.32514045,
        1.47970936, -0.18245243,  0.76794488, -0.85677197,  1.50218225,
        0.44541875, -1.16904456, -0.2487875 , -0.65642944, -0.7230453 ,
       -0.13024947, -0.95530642,  0.55989156, -2.75250028,  1.11542923,
        1.16469015,  1.29519096,  0.23912741, -0.27132043, -0.16829451,
       -0.09584612,  2.04071706,  0.62027763,  0.52037667,  0.17157287,
        0.69920659,  0.27465429,  1.37717048, -0.86879217, -0.61307214,
        0.86857108, -1.34023142,  1.44308967, -0.38064136,  0.47383256,
       -1.71951961, -0.99358505,  1.64297879,  0.20110765,  0.63501821,
        3.00131063, -0.56753929, -0.4998361 , -0.00886842, -0.07988961,
       -0.66054208, -1.08447744,  0.19694863,  0.88092974, -0.6280542 ,
       -1.05412055, -1.3837208 ,  0.14113583, -0.51194787, -0.14201531,
        2.06278561,  0.4632261 , -1.224037  , -0.05533467,  1.17287255,
        1.87245158, -0.41662244, -2.72624157, -0.88953639,  0.236264  ])