Android界面编程之十 菜单

系统在用户单击menu键后显示的菜单叫选项菜单（OptionMenu）

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2.10.1 SubMenu

Menu接口只是一个父接口，它有两个子接口

SubMenu	代表一个子菜单
ContextMenu	代表一个上下文菜单

Android不同菜单有如下特征：

1. 选项菜单：不支持勾选标记，并且只显示菜单的“浓缩（condensed）”标题
2. 子菜单（SubMenu）：不支持菜单项图标，不支持嵌套子菜单
3. 上下文菜单（ContextMenu）：不支持菜单快捷键和图标

Menu接口定义了如下方法添加菜单或菜单项

MenuItem add(int titleRes)	添加一个新的菜单项
MenuItem add(int groupId, int itemId, int order, CharSequence title)	添加一个新的处于groupId组的菜单项
MenuItem add(int groupId, int itemId, int order, int titleRes)	添加一个新的处于groupId组的菜单项
MenuItem add(CharSequence title)	添加一个新的菜单项
SubMenu addSubMenu(int titleResolved)	添加一个新的子菜单
SubMenu addSubMenu(int groupId, int itemId, int order, int titleRes)	添加一个新的处于groupId组的子菜单
SubMenu addSubMenu(CharSequence title)	添加一个新的子菜单
SubMenu addSubMenu(int groupId, int itemId, int order, CharSequence titleRes)	添加一个新的处于groupId组的子菜单

SubMenu额外提供如下方法：

SubMenu setHeaderIcon(Drawable icon)	设置菜单头的图标
SubMenu setHeaderIcon(int iconRes)
SubMenu setHeaderTitle(int titleRes)
SubMenu setHeaderTitle(CharSequence title)	设置菜单头标题
SubMenu setHeaderView(View view)	使用View来设置菜单头

添加菜单或子菜单的步骤如下：

1. 重写Activity的onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)的方法，在该方法里调用Menu对象的方法来添加
2. 响应菜单项单击事件，重写Activity 的onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem mi)

代码示例：

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

final int FONT_10 = 0x111;
final int FONT_12 = 0x112;
final int FONT_14 = 0x113;
final int FONT_16 = 0x114;
final int FONT_18 = 0x115;

final int PLAIN_ITEM = 0x11B;

final int FONT_RED = 0x116;
final int FONT_BLUE = 0x117;
final int FONT_GREEN = 0x118;
private EditText edit ;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout. activity_main );
edit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id. txt );
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
SubMenu fontMenu = menu.addSubMenu( "font size" );
fontMenu.setIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher );
fontMenu.setHeaderTitle( "choose font size" );
fontMenu.add(0, FONT_10 , 0, "size 10 font " );
fontMenu.add(0, FONT_12 , 0, "size 12 font " );
fontMenu.add(0, FONT_14 , 0, "size 14 font " );
fontMenu.add(0, FONT_16 , 0, "size 16 font " );
fontMenu.add(0, FONT_18 , 0, "size 18 font " );
menu.add(0, PLAIN_ITEM , 0, "NORMAL MENU" );
SubMenu colorMenu = menu.addSubMenu( "font color" );
colorMenu.setIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher );
colorMenu.setHeaderIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher );
colorMenu.setHeaderTitle( "choose font color" );
colorMenu.add(0, FONT_RED , 0, "RED" );
colorMenu.add(0, FONT_GREEN , 0, "GREEN" );
colorMenu.add(0, FONT_BLUE , 0, "BLUE" );

return super .onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem mi) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.

switch (mi.getItemId()) {
case FONT_10 :
edit .setTextSize(10 * 2);
break ;
case FONT_12 :
edit .setTextSize(12 * 2);
break ;
case FONT_14 :
edit .setTextSize(14 * 2);
break ;
case FONT_16 :
edit .setTextSize(16 * 2);
break ;
case FONT_18 :
edit .setTextSize(18 * 2);
break ;
case FONT_RED :
edit .setTextColor(Color. RED );
break ;
case FONT_GREEN :
edit .setTextColor(Color. GREEN );
break ;
case FONT_BLUE :
edit .setTextColor(Color. BLUE );
break ;
case PLAIN_ITEM :
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(MainActivity. this , "you click normal menu" , Toast. LENGTH_SHORT );
toast.show();
break ;
default :
break ;
}

return true ;
}

}

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2.10.2 使用监听器来监听菜单事件

除了重写onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)方法来为菜单单击事件编写响应之外，Android同样允许开发者为不同菜单绑定监听器：

setOnMenuItemClickListener(MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener menuItemClickListener)

在这种方法下，我们可以采用简单方法来添加菜单项，无须为每个菜单项指定ID

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2.10.3 创建复选菜单项和单选菜单项

如果希望所创建菜单项是单选菜单项或多选菜单项，可调用MenuItem的如下方法：

setCheckable(boolean checkable) 设置菜单项是否可勾选

setGroupCheckable(int group, boolean checkable, boolean exclusive)设置Group组里的所有菜单项是否可勾选

除此之外，Android还为MenuItem提供了如下方法来设置快捷键：

• setAlphabeticShortcut(char alphaChar): 设置字母快捷键
• setNumericShortcut(char numericChar):设置数字快捷键
• setShortcut(char numericChar, char alphaChar):同时设置两种快捷键

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2.10.4 设置与菜单项关联的Activity

应用程序需要单击某菜单项时启动其他Activity（包括其他Service）。对于这种需求，Android甚至不需要开发者编写任何时间处理代码，只要调用MenuItem的setIntent(Intent intent)方法即可

示例代码：

Java

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        SubMenu prog = menu.addSubMenu( "load program" );
        prog.setHeaderIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher );
        prog.setHeaderTitle( "choose the program you want to launch" );
        MenuItem item = prog.add( "check the book java EE" );
        item.setIntent( new Intent( this , OtherActivity. class ));
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu. main , menu);
        return super .onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);

    }

}

另外程序还需添加class OtherActivity;activity_other.xml; android_manifest.xml文件中还需添加如下代码

        < activity
            android:name = ".OtherActivity"

            android:label="check the book"></activity>

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2.10.5 上下文菜单 （又称长按菜单）

Android用ContextMenu来代表上下文

开发上下文不是重写onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)方法，而是重写onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View source, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo)方法。source代表触发上下文菜单的组件

开发上下文菜单的步骤如下：

1. 重写Activity的onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View source, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo)
2. 调用Activity的registerForContextMenu(View view)方法为view组件注册上下文菜单
3. 若需提供响应，可以重写onContextItemSelected(MenuItem mi)方法，或为指定菜单项绑定事件监听器

ContextMenu提供了如下方法，同样可以为上下文菜单设置图标、标题

• ContextMenu setHeaderIcon(Drawable icon)
• ContextMenu setHeaderIcon(int iconRes)
• ContextMenu setHeaderTitle(int titleRes)

示例代码：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

final int MENU1 = 0x111;
final int MENU2 = 0x112;
final int MENU3 = 0x113;
private TextView txt ;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout. activity_main );
txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id. txt );
registerForContextMenu( txt );
}

@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View source,
ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
menu.add(0, MENU1 , 0, "red" );
menu.add(0, MENU2 , 0, "green" );
menu.add(0, MENU3 , 0, "blue" );
menu.setGroupCheckable(0, true , true );
menu.setHeaderIcon(R.drawable. ic_launcher );
menu.setHeaderTitle( "choose background color" );
}

@Override
public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem mi) {
switch (mi.getItemId())
{
case MENU1 :
mi.setCheckable( true );
txt .setBackgroundColor(Color. RED );
break ;
case MENU2 :
mi.setCheckable( true );
txt .setBackgroundColor(Color. GREEN );
break ;
case MENU3 :
mi.setCheckable( true );
txt .setBackgroundColor(Color. BLUE );
break ;
default :
break ;
}
return true ;

}

}

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2.20.6 使用XML文件定义菜单

一般推荐使用XML资源文件定义菜单，这种方式可以更好地提供解耦

菜单放置于/res/menu目录下

<menu />可以包含的子元素有：

<item />	定义菜单项
<group />	将多个<item />定义的菜单包装成一个菜单组

<group />可指定的常用属性有：

checkableBehavior	选择行为。none（不可选）、all、single
menuCategory	分类，指定菜单优先级container、system、secondary和alternative
visible	是否可见
enable	是否可用

<item />元素用于定义一份菜单项，<item />元素又可包含<menu />元素，位于<item />元素内部的<menu />就代表了子菜单。

<item />元素可指定如下属性

android:id
title
icon
alphabeticShortcut
numericShortcut
checkable
checked
visible
enable

一旦在程序中定义了菜单资源后，接下来还是重写onCreateOptionsMenu、onCreateContextMenu，在这些方法中调用MenuInflater对象的inflate方法装载指定资源对应的菜单即可

示例的xml文件代码如下：

< menu xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    tools:context = "com.example.menurestest.MainActivity" >

    < item
        android:id = "@+id/action_settings"
        android:orderInCategory = "100"
        android:title = "font_size"
        android:icon = "@drawable/ic_launcher"
        app:showAsAction = "never" >
        < menu >
            < group android:checkableBehavior = "single" >
                < item
                    android:id = "@+id/font_10"
                    android:title = "Font 10" />
                < item
                    android:id = "@+id/font_12"
                    android:title = "Font 12" />
                < item
                    android:id = "@+id/font_14"
                    android:title = "Font 14" />
                < item
                    android:id = "@+id/font_16"
                    android:title = "Font 16" />
                < item
                    android:id = "@+id/font_18"
                    android:title = "Font 18" />
            </ group >
        </ menu >
        </ item >
        < item
            android:id = "@+id/plain_item"
            android:title = "plain item" />
        < item
            android:title = "font color"
            android:icon = "@drawable/ic_launcher" >
        < menu >
            < group >
                < item
                    android:id = "@+id/red_font"
                    android:title = "red font" />
                < item
                    android:id = "@+id/green_font"
                    android:title = "green font" />
                < item
                    android:id = "@+id/blue_font"
                    android:title = "blue font" />
                   
            </ group >
        </ menu >
        </ item >

</ menu >

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2.10.7 使用PopupMenu

1. 调用new PopupMenu(Context context, View anchor)创建下拉菜单，anchor代表要激发该弹出菜单的组件
2. 调用MenuInflater的inflate()方法将菜单资源填充到PopupMenu中
3. 调用PopupMenu的show()方法显示弹出式菜单

示例代码：

Java——————…/src/activity_main.java

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
PopupMenu popup = null ;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout. activity_main );
}

public void onPopupButtonClick(View button) {
popup = new PopupMenu( this , button);
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu. main , popup .getMenu());
popup .setOnMenuItemClickListener( new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() {

@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id. exit :
popup .dismiss();
break ;
default :
Toast.makeText(MainActivity. this , "click" +item.getTitle(), Toast. LENGTH_SHORT ).show();

}
return true ;
}
});
popup .show();

}

}

xml————————/res/menu/main.xml

< menu xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools = "http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    tools:context = "com.example.popupmenutest.MainActivity" >

    < item
        android:id = "@+id/action_settings"
        android:orderInCategory = "100"
        android:title = "@string/action_settings"
        app:showAsAction = "never" />
    < item
        android:id = "@+id/add"
        android:title = "add" >
        < menu >
            < item
                android:id = "@+id/copy"
                android:title = "copy" />
            < item
                android:id = "@+id/cut"
                android:title = "cut" />
        </ menu >
       
    </ item >
    < item
        android:id = "@+id/exit"
        android:title = "hide menu" />

</ menu >