Android的图形与图像处理之六 SurfaceView实现动画

View存在如下缺陷：

1. View缺乏双缓冲机制
2. 程序需要更新View上的图像时，程序必须重绘View上显示的整张图片
3. 新线程无法直接更新View组件

由于上述缺陷，通过自定义View实现绘图尤其是游戏中的绘图时性能并不好。Android提供了一个SurfaceView来代替View

SurfaceView一般会于SurfaceHolder结合使用，SurfaceHolder用于向与之关联的SurfaceView上绘图，调用SurfaceView的getHolder()方法即可获取SurfaceView关联的SurfaceHolder

SurfaceHolder提供了如下方法来获取Canvas对象：

• Canvas lockCanvas():锁定整个SurfaceView对象，获取该Surface上的Canvas。
• Canvas lockCanvas(Rect dirty):锁定SurfaceView上Rect划分的区域，获取该Surface上的Canvas

第二种方法用于获取指定区域的Canvas，只对Rect所指定区域进行更新，这样可以提供画面更新速度

通过lockCanvas()获取指定了SurfaceView上的Canvas之后，接下来程序就可以调用Canvas进行绘图了，Canvas绘图完成后通过如下方法释放绘图、提交所绘制图形：

unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);

需要注意：调用上述方法后，该方法之前所绘制图形还处于缓冲之中，下一次lockCanvas方法锁定的区域可能会“遮挡”它

View绘图必须在当前UI线程中进行——这也是前面程序需要更新View组件时总要采用Handler处理的原因；而SurfaceView绘图则是由SurfaceHolder来完成的

对于View组件，如果程序需要花较长时间来更新绘图，那么主UI线程将会被阻塞，无法响应用户的动作；而SurfaceViewHolder则会启用新的线程去更新SurfaceView的绘制，因此不会阻塞主UI线程

如果程序需要采用较多定时器控制的动画元素，则可考虑使用SurfaceView，而不是View

示例程序：

main.xml

<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
< LinearLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
>
< LinearLayout android:orientation = "horizontal"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:gravity = "center"
>
< Button android:id = "@+id/sin"
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:text = "string/sin"
/>
< Button android:id = "@+id/cos"
android:layout_width = "wrap_content"
android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
android:text = "string/cos"
/>
</ LinearLayout >
< SurfaceView android:id = "@+id/show"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:gravity = "center"
/>

</ LinearLayout >

ShowWave.java

public class ShowWave extends ActionBarActivity {

private SurfaceHolder holder ;
private Paint paint ;
final int HEIGHT = 320;
final int WIDTH = 320;
final int X_OFFSET = 5;
private int cx = X_OFFSET ;
int centerY = HEIGHT / 2;
Timer timer = new Timer();
TimerTask task = null ;

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout. main );
        final SurfaceView surface = (SurfaceView)
        findViewById(R.id. show );
        holder = surface.getHolder();
        paint = new Paint();
        paint .setColor(Color. GREEN );
        paint .setStrokeWidth(3);
        Button sin = (Button) findViewById(R.id. sin );
        Button cos = (Button) findViewById(R.id. cos );
        OnClickListener listener = ( new OnClickListener()
        {
        @Override
        public void onClick( final View source)
        {
        drawBack( holder );
        cx = X_OFFSET ;
        if ( task != null )
        {
        task .cancel();
        }
        task = new TimerTask()
        {
        public void run()
        {
        int cy = source.getId() == R.id. sin ? centerY
        -( int ) (100 * Math.sin(( cx - 5) * 2 * Math. PI /150))
        : centerY - ( int ) (100 * Math.cos(( cx -5)*2*Math. PI /150));
        Canvas canvas = holder .lockCanvas( new Rect( cx
        , cy-2, cx + 2, cy+2));
        canvas.drawPoint( cx , cy, paint );
        cx ++;
        if ( cx > WIDTH )
        {
        task .cancel();
        task = null ;
        }
        holder .unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
        }
        };
        timer .schedule( task , 0,30);
        }
        });
        sin.setOnClickListener(listener);
        cos.setOnClickListener(listener);
        holder .addCallback( new Callback()
        {
        @Override
        public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder
        , int format, int width, int height)
        {
        drawBack(holder);
        }
        @Override
        public void surfaceCreated( final SurfaceHolder myHolder)
        {}
        @Override
        public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder)
        {
        timer .cancel();
        }
        });
    }
private void drawBack(SurfaceHolder holder)
{
Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas();
canvas.drawColor(Color. WHITE );
Paint p = new Paint();
p.setColor(Color. BLACK );
p.setStrokeWidth(2);
canvas.drawLine( X_OFFSET , centerY , WIDTH , centerY , p);
canvas.drawLine( X_OFFSET , 40, X_OFFSET , HEIGHT , p);
holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
holder.lockCanvas( new Rect(0,0,0,0));
holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
}

}

程序每次绘制正弦、余弦波上的当前点时，无须重绘整个画面，SurfaceHolder只要锁定当前绘制点的小范围即可