BFS-广度优先搜索简要讲解

一,BFS写代码基本老套路

1,初始化场景,建立与点有关的数据类型和确定角色行走方向。

2,获取起点,终点和布置场景障碍物。

3,建立队列,将起点进队。

4,循环遍历,一个循环遍历角色该步骤的所有可能,符合条件的进队,并做好标记

不符合条件的不进队。

5,找寻最终答案及输出结果。

二,例题

1, 华东交通大学2022年ACM"双基"程序设计竞赛第I题内容

代码

2,2022寒假训练例题A

Problem A. Red and Black Time limit 1000 ms Mem limit 30000 kB OS Linux There is a rectangular room, covered with square tiles. Each tile is colored either red or black. A man is standing on a black tile. From a tile, he can move to one of four adjacent tiles. But he can't move on red tiles, he can move only on black tiles. Write a program to count the number of black tiles which he can reach by repeating the moves described above. Input The input consists of multiple data sets. A data set starts with a line containing two positive integers W and H; W and H are the numbers of tiles in the x- and y- directions, respectively. W and H are not more than 20. There are H more lines in the data set, each of which includes W characters. Each character represents the color of a tile as follows. '.' - a black tile '#' - a red tile '@' - a man on a black tile(appears exactly once in a data set) The end of the input is indicated by a line consisting of two zeros. Output For each data set, your program should output a line which contains the number of tiles he can reach from the initial tile (including itself). Sample

代码

3,2022寒假训练例题C

Description

有一个 n×m 的棋盘,在某个点 (x, y) 上有一个马,要求你计算出马到达棋盘上任意一个点最少要走几步。

Input

输入只有一行四个整数,分别为 n, m, x, y。

Output

一个 n×m 的矩阵,代表马到达某个点最少要走几步(不能到达则输出 −1)。

Sample 1

Input Output

3 3 1 1 0 3 2

3 -1 1

2 1 4

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