CogHistogramTool 是康耐视（Cognex）VisionPro 中的一个用于计算和分析图像直方图的工具。以下是其详细介绍：
- 功能
- 直方图计算：能计算图像的灰度直方图，统计图像中每个灰度值的像素数量，也能计算颜色直方图，统计图像中每种颜色值的像素数量。
- 区域选择：支持对整个图像或指定区域计算直方图，方便用户根据具体需求分析图像不同部分的像素分布。
- 统计分析：提供直方图的统计数据，如均值、方差、标准差、像素总数、中值、出现概率最大的像素值等，帮助用户更全面地了解图像像素的分布特征。
- 应用场景
- 图像增强：通过分析直方图来调整图像的对比度和亮度，增强图像质量，例如可以根据直方图的分布情况，拉伸或压缩图像的灰度范围，使图像的细节更加清晰。
- 质量检测：在工业自动化领域，通过直方图分析产品图像的灰度分布，检测质量缺陷。如产品表面的划痕、污渍等可能会导致图像灰度分布的异常，通过分析直方图可以发现这些异常，从而实现质量检测。
- 使用方法：在 VisionPro 中，通常先打开工具栏，通过双击或点击鼠标拖拽添加 CogHistogramTool 工具。然后添加输入图像，可以通过点击鼠标右键 “链接到” 或以连线拖拽的方式选择相应输入图片。接着设置需要统计灰度值的区域，默认状态下是统计整个图像所有像素的灰度值信息。运行工具后，可得到像素灰度值的分布直方图，在结果栏中可查看各种统计信息。
用直方图工具检测有胶无胶
图像是常用的兔子头图像，把眼睛位置涂抹当做胶来检测。
工具搭建
由于是RGB彩图，需要用到 CogImageConvertTool 格式转换工具，把彩图转换为灰度图，用灰度图给到 Block 使用，Block里面添加了模板工具、定位工具和灰度检测工具。
输入像源给到格式转换工具，不需要设置什么参数，直接运行工具即可。
点击运行后可以看到输入的是RGB彩图，输出的是8位灰度图，用输出的灰度图给到后续的工具。
灰度检测
用两个灰度工具分别检测左右眼睛位置
判断
查看结果可以看到平均值差异很大，就用平均值来做判断，平均值小于50为无胶，大于50为有胶。
判断后的显示效果
脚本显示
脚本分析及文字显示，这里用了简写。
脚本中 CogHistogramTool 结果对应参数
用直方图工具完成自动增减亮度功能
目的
在工业检测中常会遇到同款产品不同颜色的情况，需要设置不同的亮度来突出检测部分特征，使用 CogHistogramTool 直方图工具搭配 CogIPOneImageTool 图像处理工具完成自动增减亮度的功能，当切换不同颜色产品时自动设置合适的系数。
工具搭建
- 输入图像给到格式转换图像转换为灰度图
- 灰度图给到block
- block计算出系数给到图像处理工具
添加终端
- 右击图像处理工具
- 点击添加终端
- 点击浏览
- 选择所有（未过滤）
- 找到所需的参数
- 点击添加输入（不是输出！！！）
block工具
使用block工具是为了方便写脚本和添加自定义参数，block工具内包含了两个直方图工具，选取不同位置来计算一个平均值来决定系数。
自定义输出参数
脚本编写
把得到的系数赋值给到输出参数
把输出参数链接到图像处理工具的灰度乘数参数上，当系数变化时自动修改灰度乘数的值，得到不同亮度的图像。
脚本源码
有胶无胶判断
#region namespace imports
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Cognex.VisionPro;
using Cognex.VisionPro.ToolBlock;
using Cognex.VisionPro3D;
using Cognex.VisionPro.ImageProcessing;
#endregion
public class CogToolBlockAdvancedScript : CogToolBlockAdvancedScriptBase
{
#region Private Member Variables
private Cognex.VisionPro.ToolBlock.CogToolBlock mToolBlock;
private CogGraphicCollection gc = new CogGraphicCollection();
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// Called when the parent tool is run.
/// Add code here to customize or replace the normal run behavior.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">Sets the Message in the tool's RunStatus.</param>
/// <param name="result">Sets the Result in the tool's RunStatus</param>
/// <returns>True if the tool should run normally,
/// False if GroupRun customizes run behavior</returns>
public override bool GroupRun(ref string message, ref CogToolResultConstants result)
{
// To let the execution stop in this script when a debugger is attached, uncomment the following lines.
// #if DEBUG
// if (System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached) System.Diagnostics.Debugger.Break();
// #endif
// Run each tool using the RunTool function
foreach(ICogTool tool in mToolBlock.Tools)
mToolBlock.RunTool(tool, ref message, ref result);
gc.Clear();
CogHistogramTool his1 = mToolBlock.Tools["CogHistogramTool1"] as CogHistogramTool;
CogHistogramTool his2 = mToolBlock.Tools["CogHistogramTool2"] as CogHistogramTool;
double newMean = (his1.Result.Mean + his1.Result.Mean) / 2;
if (his1.Result.Mean > 50) AddLabel(100, 50, "左眼有胶", CogColorConstants.Green);
else AddLabel(100, 50, "左眼无胶", CogColorConstants.Red);
if (his2.Result.Mean > 50) AddLabel(100, 110, "右眼有胶", CogColorConstants.Green);
else AddLabel(100, 110, "右眼无胶", CogColorConstants.Red);
AddLabel(400, 50, "最大值:" + his1.Result.Maximum, CogColorConstants.Cyan);
AddLabel(400, 80, "平均值:" + his1.Result.Mean, CogColorConstants.Cyan);
AddLabel(400, 110, "中值:" + his1.Result.Median, CogColorConstants.Cyan);
AddLabel(400, 140, "最小值:" + his1.Result.Minimum, CogColorConstants.Cyan);
AddLabel(400, 170, "模式:" + his1.Result.Mode, CogColorConstants.Cyan);
AddLabel(400, 200, "示例:" + his1.Result.NumSamples, CogColorConstants.Cyan);
AddLabel(400, 230, "标准差:" + his1.Result.StandardDeviation, CogColorConstants.Cyan);
AddLabel(400, 270, "方差:" + his1.Result.Variance, CogColorConstants.Cyan);
return false;
}
// 文本方法
private void AddLabel (double x, double y, string text, CogColorConstants color)
{
CogGraphicLabel label = new CogGraphicLabel();
label.Color = color;
label.Font = new Font("楷体", 30);
label.SetXYText(x, y, text);
gc.Add(label);
}
#region When the Current Run Record is Created
/// <summary>
/// Called when the current record may have changed and is being reconstructed
/// </summary>
/// <param name="currentRecord">
/// The new currentRecord is available to be initialized or customized.</param>
public override void ModifyCurrentRunRecord(Cognex.VisionPro.ICogRecord currentRecord)
{
}
#endregion
#region When the Last Run Record is Created
/// <summary>
/// Called when the last run record may have changed and is being reconstructed
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lastRecord">
/// The new last run record is available to be initialized or customized.</param>
public override void ModifyLastRunRecord(Cognex.VisionPro.ICogRecord lastRecord)
{
foreach (ICogGraphic item in gc)
{
mToolBlock.AddGraphicToRunRecord(item, lastRecord, "CogPMAlignTool1.InputImage", "");
}
}
#endregion
#region When the Script is Initialized
/// <summary>
/// Perform any initialization required by your script here
/// </summary>
/// <param name="host">The host tool</param>
public override void Initialize(Cognex.VisionPro.ToolGroup.CogToolGroup host)
{
// DO NOT REMOVE - Call the base class implementation first - DO NOT REMOVE
base.Initialize(host);
// Store a local copy of the script host
this.mToolBlock = ((Cognex.VisionPro.ToolBlock.CogToolBlock)(host));
}
#endregion
}自动亮度
#region namespace imports
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Cognex.VisionPro;
using Cognex.VisionPro.ToolBlock;
using Cognex.VisionPro3D;
using Cognex.VisionPro.ImageProcessing;
#endregion
public class CogToolBlockAdvancedScript : CogToolBlockAdvancedScriptBase
{
#region Private Member Variables
private Cognex.VisionPro.ToolBlock.CogToolBlock mToolBlock;
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// Called when the parent tool is run.
/// Add code here to customize or replace the normal run behavior.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">Sets the Message in the tool's RunStatus.</param>
/// <param name="result">Sets the Result in the tool's RunStatus</param>
/// <returns>True if the tool should run normally,
/// False if GroupRun customizes run behavior</returns>
public override bool GroupRun(ref string message, ref CogToolResultConstants result)
{
// To let the execution stop in this script when a debugger is attached, uncomment the following lines.
// #if DEBUG
// if (System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached) System.Diagnostics.Debugger.Break();
// #endif
// Run each tool using the RunTool function
foreach(ICogTool tool in mToolBlock.Tools)
mToolBlock.RunTool(tool, ref message, ref result);
// 映射工具
CogHistogramTool his1 = mToolBlock.Tools["CogHistogramTool1"] as CogHistogramTool;
CogHistogramTool his2 = mToolBlock.Tools["CogHistogramTool2"] as CogHistogramTool;
// 创建两个浮点数的变量，一个接收平均值，另一个设置系数
double meanValue = (his1.Result.Mean + his2.Result.Mean) / 2;
double adaptValue = 1;
// 用两个直方图工具结果的平均值来给系数赋值
if (meanValue > 120) adaptValue = 1.2;
if (meanValue < 120 && meanValue > 100) adaptValue = 1.5;
if (meanValue < 100) adaptValue = 2;
// 把平均值和系数赋值给到输出参数
mToolBlock.Outputs["meanValue"].Value = meanValue;
mToolBlock.Outputs["kValue"].Value = adaptValue;
return false;
}
#region When the Current Run Record is Created
/// <summary>
/// Called when the current record may have changed and is being reconstructed
/// </summary>
/// <param name="currentRecord">
/// The new currentRecord is available to be initialized or customized.</param>
public override void ModifyCurrentRunRecord(Cognex.VisionPro.ICogRecord currentRecord)
{
}
#endregion
#region When the Last Run Record is Created
/// <summary>
/// Called when the last run record may have changed and is being reconstructed
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lastRecord">
/// The new last run record is available to be initialized or customized.</param>
public override void ModifyLastRunRecord(Cognex.VisionPro.ICogRecord lastRecord)
{
}
#endregion
#region When the Script is Initialized
/// <summary>
/// Perform any initialization required by your script here
/// </summary>
/// <param name="host">The host tool</param>
public override void Initialize(Cognex.VisionPro.ToolGroup.CogToolGroup host)
{
// DO NOT REMOVE - Call the base class implementation first - DO NOT REMOVE
base.Initialize(host);
// Store a local copy of the script host
this.mToolBlock = ((Cognex.VisionPro.ToolBlock.CogToolBlock) (host));
}
#endregion
}
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