内存函数详解

1.memmove

1.1定义

void *memmove( void *dest, const void *src, size_t count );

1.2注意

与memcpy的差别是memmove函数处理的源内存块和目标内存块可以重叠。
（若源空间和目标空间出现重叠，使用memmove函数处理。）

1.3应用

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
	char str[] = "memmove can be very useful######";
    下标          0              15   20
	memmove(str + 20, str + 15, 11);
	str+20:useful######
	str+15:very useful######
	11    :very useful
	puts(str);
	memmove can be very very useful#
	return 0;
}

1.4模拟实现

法一：三类实现

void* memmove(void* dst, const void* src, size_t c)
{
	void* ret = dst;
	if (dst <= src || (char*)dst >= ((char*)src + c))
	{
		while (c--)
		{
			*(char*)dst = *(char*)src;
			dst = (char*)dst + 1;
			src = (char*)src + 1;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		dst = (char*)dst + c - 1;
		src = (char*)src + c - 1;
		while (c--)
		{
			*(char*)dst = *(char*)src;
			dst = (char*)dst - 1;
			src = (char*)src - 1;
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

法二：三类统两类

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>
void* my_memmove(void* dest, const void* src, int c)
{
	assert(dest && src);
	void* ret = dest;
	if (src > dest)
	{
		while (c--)
		{
			*(char*)dest = *(char*)src;
			dest = (char*)dest + 1;
			src = (char*)src + 1;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		while (c--)
			*((char*)dest + c) = *((char*)src + c);
	}
	return ret;
}
void print(int* arr, int sz)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++)
		printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
int main()
{
	int a[10] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
	my_memmove(a + 3, a + 1, 20);
	int sz = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
	print(a, sz);
	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}

2.memcpy

1.1定义

void *memcpy( void *dest, const void *src, size_t count );

1.2注意

• memcpy从src开始向后复制num个字节数据到dest。
• 遇到 ‘\0’ 不停。
• src和dest有任何重叠，复制结果未定义。

1.3应用

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct person
{
	char name[40];
	int age;
} Per;
int main()
{
	Per P, p;
	char s[] = "William van Gogh";
	memcpy(P.name, s, strlen(s) + 1);
	P.age = 46;
	memcpy(&p, &P, sizeof(P));
	printf("p: %s\n%5d \n", p.name, p.age);
	return 0;
}

1.4模拟实现

void* memcpy(void* dst, const void* src, size_t c)
{
	void* ret = dst;
	assert(dst && src);
	while (c--) 
	{
		*(char*)dst = *(char*)src;
		dst = (char*)dst + 1;
		src = (char*)src + 1;
	}
    return ret;
}

3.memcmp

3.1定义

int memcmp( const void *buf1, const void *buf2, size_t count );

3.2 注意

该函数按字节比较
注意返回值

3.3应用

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
	char a[] = "DWgaOtP12df0";
	char b[] = "DWGAOTP12DF0";
	int n = memcmp(a, b, sizeof(a));
	if (n > 0) 
		printf("'%s' is greater than '%s'.\n", a, b);
	else if (n < 0) 
		printf("'%s' is less than '%s'.\n", a, b);
	else 
		printf("'%s' is the same as '%s'.\n", a, b);
	return 0;
}

3.4模拟实现

int my_memcmp(void* a, void* b, size_t n)
{
	assert(a && b);
	while (n--)
	{
		if (*(char*)a == *((char*)b))
		{
			a = (char*)a + 1;
			b = (char*)b + 1;
		}
		else
			return (*(char*)a - *((char*)b));
	}
	return 0;
}
int main()
{
	char a[10] = "abcdef";
	char b[10] = "abcdefg";
	int ret = my_memcmp(a, b, 8);
	printf("%d", ret);
	return 0;
}