设计模式-享元模式

设计模式-享元模式

定义：运用共享技术来有效的支持大量细粒度对象的复用。它通过共享技术来大幅度的减少需要创建的对象数量，避免大量相似类的开销，从而提升系统资源的利用率。

享元模式的目的在于运用共享技术，是的一些细粒度的对象可以共享，多使用细粒度的对象，便于重用或重构。
享元模式的一个重要运用就是复用池、缓存池。

享元模式的通用类图如下

Flyweight 抽象享元角色
产品的抽象类，同时定义出对象的外部状态和内部状态的接口或实现

Concrete Flyweight 具体享元角色
具体的产品类，实现抽象角色定义的业务，该角色需要注意的是内部状态处理应该与环境无关，不应该出现一个操作改变了内部状态，同时修改了外部状态。

unsharedConcreteFlyweight 不可共享的享元角色
一般不会出现在享元工厂中

FlyweightFactory 享元工厂
构造一个池容器，同时提供从池中获得的方法

以饭店餐桌为例，客人是流动的，但是每张餐桌只需要创建一个，且同一时刻，一个餐桌只服务一批客户。当前一批客户结账走人后，可以继续使用这个餐桌服务下一批客户。

代码实现如下
Flyweight 享元抽象、接口类如下

    // 餐桌抽象享元接口
    public interface ITableFlyweight
    {
        // 餐桌状态
        int State { get; set; }

        // 餐桌key
        string Key { get; set; }

        void SetState(int state);

        int GetState();
    }

Concrete Flyweight 具体享元角色

    // 大厅的餐桌
    public class HallTableFlyweight : ITableFlyweight
    {
        public int State { get; set; }
        public string Key { get; set; }

        public void SetState(int state)
        {
            State = state;
        }

        public int GetState()
        {
            return State;
        }
    }

    // 雅间的餐桌
    public class PrivateRoomTableFlyweight : ITableFlyweight
    {
        public int State { get; set; }

        public string Key { get; set; }

        public void SetState(int state)
        {
            State = state;
        }

        public int GetState()
        {
            return State;
        }
    }

FlyweightFactory 享元工厂

    // 享元工厂
    public class FlyweightFactory
    {
        private Dictionary<string, ITableFlyweight> tableDic = null;
        public FlyweightFactory()
        {
            tableDic = new Dictionary<string, ITableFlyweight>();
        }

        // 添加享元对象
        public void Add(string key, ITableFlyweight flyweight)
        {
            // 
            if (!tableDic.ContainsKey(key))
            {
                tableDic.Add(key, flyweight);
            }
        }

        // 获取享元对象
        public ITableFlyweight Get(string key)
        {
            ITableFlyweight flyweight = null;
            tableDic.TryGetValue(key, out flyweight);
            return flyweight;
        }
    }

调用如下

    public class Hotel
    {
        public Hotel()
        {
            // 创建享元工厂
            FlyweightFactory flyweightFactory = new FlyweightFactory();

            // 创建享元对象
            HallTableFlyweight hallTableFlyweight1 = new HallTableFlyweight();
            hallTableFlyweight1.Key = "大厅1号桌";
            // 将对象添加到享元工厂
            flyweightFactory.Add("大厅1号桌", hallTableFlyweight1);

            // 创建享元对象
            HallTableFlyweight hallTableFlyweight2 = new HallTableFlyweight();
            hallTableFlyweight2.Key = "大厅2号桌";
            // 将对象添加到享元工厂
            flyweightFactory.Add("大厅2号桌", hallTableFlyweight2);

            // 创建享元对象
            HallTableFlyweight hallTableFlyweight3 = new HallTableFlyweight();
            hallTableFlyweight3.Key = "大厅3号桌";
            // 将对象添加到享元工厂
            flyweightFactory.Add("大厅3号桌", hallTableFlyweight3);

            // 创建享元对象
            PrivateRoomTableFlyweight privateRoomTableFlyweight1 = new PrivateRoomTableFlyweight();
            privateRoomTableFlyweight1.Key = "剑桥";
            // 将对象添加到享元工厂
            flyweightFactory.Add("剑桥", privateRoomTableFlyweight1);

            // 创建享元对象
            PrivateRoomTableFlyweight privateRoomTableFlyweight2 = new PrivateRoomTableFlyweight();
            privateRoomTableFlyweight2.Key = "牛津";
            // 将对象添加到享元工厂
            flyweightFactory.Add("牛津", privateRoomTableFlyweight2);

            // 创建享元对象
            PrivateRoomTableFlyweight privateRoomTableFlyweight3 = new PrivateRoomTableFlyweight();
            privateRoomTableFlyweight3.Key = "哈佛";
            // 将对象添加到享元工厂
            flyweightFactory.Add("哈佛", privateRoomTableFlyweight3);


            ITableFlyweight flyweight1 = flyweightFactory.Get("大厅1号桌");
            Console.WriteLine(flyweight1.Key + "\n");

            ITableFlyweight flyweight2 = flyweightFactory.Get("大厅2号桌");
            Console.WriteLine(flyweight2.Key + "\n");

            ITableFlyweight flyweight3 = flyweightFactory.Get("大厅3号桌");
            Console.WriteLine(flyweight3.Key + "\n");

            ITableFlyweight flyweight4 = flyweightFactory.Get("剑桥");
            Console.WriteLine(flyweight4.Key + "\n");

            ITableFlyweight flyweight5 = flyweightFactory.Get("牛津");
            Console.WriteLine(flyweight5.Key + "\n");

            ITableFlyweight flyweight6 = flyweightFactory.Get("哈佛");
            Console.WriteLine(flyweight6.Key + "\n");
        }
    }

执行结果

优点：
(1) 大大减少了对象的创建，降低了程序内存的占用，提高效率

缺点：
(1) 提高了系统的复杂度。需要分离出内部状态和外部状态，而外部状态具有固化特性，不应该随着内部状态的改变而改变