静态路由配置

一,实验需求

1,除R5的环回地址固定以外,整个其他所有网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理的IP地址划分

2,R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,用于模拟连接PC网段,地址也在192.168.1.0/24这个网络范围内

3,R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问

4,全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由表条目数,避免环路出现

5,R4与R5之间,正常1000M通信,故障时自动改为100M

二,实验目的

掌握环回接口配置

掌握手工汇总配置

掌握缺省路由配置

掌握空接口路由配置

掌握浮动静态路由配置

掌握静态路由配置

三,实验步骤

1,新建拓扑,布置器件,连线开机

7c21810b9afc47ec8b81567552e62d91.png

2,数广播域,划分网段

共有7个骨干链路和8个环回

192.168.1.0/24

192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路

192.168.1.0/30 R1-R2

192.168.1.4/30 R1-R3

192.168.1.8/30 R2-R4

192.168.1.12/30 R3-R4

192.168.1.16/30 R4-R5(1000M)

192.168.1.20/30 R4-R5(100M)

192.168.1.24/30

192.168.1.28/30

汇总192.168.1.24/29

192.168.1.32/27----R1环回

192.168.1.32/28

192.168.1.48/28

192.168.1.64/27----R2环回

192.168.1.64/28

192.168.1.80/28

192.168.1.96/27----R3环回

192.168.1.96/28

192.168.1.112/28

192.168.1.128/27----R4环回

192.168.1.128/28

192.168.1.144/28

 bd63b65a4cb040ee8efddb74653f0bee.png

 

3,每个接口配置IP地址并更改名字(记得保存配置)

R1配置

 

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]int g 0/0/0 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
Sep 27 2023 21:20:11-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
Sep 27 2023 21:20:26-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]interface lo	
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.32 28
Error: The specified IP address is invalid.
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]interface LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[R1-LoopBack1]q
[R1]q
<R1>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R2配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R2
[R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.2 30
Sep 27 2023 21:24:25-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.9 30
Sep 27 2023 21:24:36-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int lo 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.81 28
[R2-LoopBack1]q
[R2]q
<R2>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R3配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R3
[R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.6 30
Sep 27 2023 21:28:46-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.13 30
Sep 27 2023 21:29:07-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[4]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip ad 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]int lo 1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip ad 192.168.1.113 28
[R3-LoopBack1]q
[R3]q
<R3>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R4配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R4
[R4]int  g 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a	
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip accounting
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
Sep 27 2023 21:31:41-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
Sep 27 2023 21:31:49-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g 0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
Sep 27 2023 21:32:13-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g 4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
Sep 27 2023 21:32:29-08:00 R4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int lo 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int lo 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[R4-LoopBack1]q
[R4]q
<R4>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R5配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R5
[R5]int g 0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.1.18 30
Sep 28 2023 11:49:47-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.1.22 30
Sep 28 2023 11:50:03-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip ad 5.5.5.1 24
[R5-LoopBack0]q
[R5]q
<R5>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

编写静态路由,实现全网可达,为减少环路,进行手工汇总,为避免出现环路,配置空接口路由。R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问,配置缺省路由

R1配置

配置到R3静态路由时,发现IP地址出错,改动。
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo ip address 192.168.1.6 30
Sep 28 2023 12:26:37-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[5]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the DOWN state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Sep 28 2023 12:26:44-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[6]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

R2配置

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

R3配置

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

R4配置

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.17
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

R5配置

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.21 pre	
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 null 0

测试结果:

ec36212853714b70b4869062ff2a3eca.png

 空接口防环

R1
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null 0
R2
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null 0
R3
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 null 0
R4
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 null 0

d838ad5c833d44e9a72cf79c8a16baf0.png8bb95fa944ef40c181a425712a92e6dd.png

 正常R4到R5路由表

98daa776b7b945faa9a87db3bb5b61c2.png

上面断开:

 

Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 26       Routes : 27       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  61   0          RD   192.168.1.22    GigabitEthernet
4/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
    192.168.1.0/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.9     GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.1.4/30  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.13    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
    192.168.1.8/30  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.10    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.1.10/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.1.11/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.1.12/30  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.14    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.1.14/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.1.15/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.1.20/30  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.21    GigabitEthernet
4/0/0
   192.168.1.21/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
4/0/0
   192.168.1.23/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
4/0/0
   192.168.1.32/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.9     GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
                    Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.13    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.1.64/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.9     GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.1.96/27  Static  60   0          RD   192.168.1.13    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
  192.168.1.128/27  Static  60   0           D   0.0.0.0         NULL0
  192.168.1.128/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.129   LoopBack0
  192.168.1.129/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
  192.168.1.143/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
  192.168.1.144/28  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.1.145   LoopBack1
  192.168.1.159/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack1

 

 

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