OSPF实验

一，实验需求

1，R1-3为区域0，R3-R4为区域1;其中r3的环回也在区域0。R1,R2也各有一个环回 R1-R3 R3为DR设备，没有BDR。

2，R1-R3 R3为DR设备，没有BDR。

3，R4环回地址已固定，其他所有网段使用192.168.1.0/24进行合理的分配 。

4，R4环回不能宣告，全网可达，保障更新安全，避免环路，减少路由条目。

二，实验目的

掌握OSPF手工认证配置

掌握OSPF的手工汇总配置

掌握OSPF缺省路由配置

掌握空接口路由配置防止环路出现

掌握动态路由配置

掌握BDR/DR的选举

三，实验步骤

1，新建拓扑，布置器件，连线开机

 

2，数广播域，划分网段

192.1681.0/24

area 0 192.168.1.0/25

R1环回192.168.1.32/27

R2环回192.168.1.64/27

R3环回192.168.1.96/27

area 1 192.168.1.128/25

 

3，每个接口配置IP地址并更改名字（记得保存配置）

R1配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r1
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 27
Oct 15 2023 20:09:58-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 27
[r1-LoopBack0]q
[r1]q
<r1>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R2配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys r2
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 27
Oct 15 2023 20:12:20-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 27
[r2-LoopBack0]q
[r2]q
<r2>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R3配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r3
[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.3 27
Oct 15 2023 20:13:34-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l	
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 27
[r3-LoopBack0]q
[r3]int g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.129 25
Oct 15 2023 20:17:05-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r3]q
<r3>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R4配置

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.130 25
Oct 15 2023 20:15:47-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 24
[r4-LoopBack0]q
[r4]q
<r4>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

4，配置OSPF，实现全网可达。

1，启动OSPF进程

2，创建区域

3，宣告

4，R3为DR设备，没有BDR，进行DR/BDR的选举，配置接口优先级为0 ，不参与选举。

R1配置

<r1>sys 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 0
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.33 0.0.0.0
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r1-ospf-1]q
[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr 0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r1]q
<r1>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated 

R2配置

<r2>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r2]ospf 1 ro	
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net	
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct 15 2023 20:37:08-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[0]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init) 
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct 15 2023 20:37:08-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[1]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=2Way) 
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.65 0.0.0.0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct 15 2023 20:37:46-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[2]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=AdjOk?, NeighborPreviousState=2Way, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart) 
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct 15 2023 20:37:46-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[3]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=NegotiationDone, NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exc
hange) 
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct 15 2023 20:37:46-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[4]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=ExchangeDone, NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Loadi
ng) 
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct 15 2023 20:37:46-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[5]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full) 
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r2-ospf-1]q
[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr 0
Oct 15 2023 20:38:15-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/3/NBR_CHG_DOWN(l)[6]:Neighbor event:neigh
bor state changed to Down. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.1.1, NeighborEven
t=KillNbr, NeighborPreviousState=Full, NeighborCurrentState=Down) 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 15 2023 20:38:15-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/3/NBR_DOWN_REASON(l)[7]:Neighbor state le
aves full or changed to Down. (ProcessId=256, NeighborRouterId=1.1.1.1, Neighbor
AreaId=0, NeighborInterface=GigabitEthernet0/0/0,NeighborDownImmediate reason=Ne
ighbor Down Due to Kill Neighbor, NeighborDownPrimeReason=Interface Parameter Mi
smatch, NeighborChangeTime=2023-10-15 20:38:15-08:00) 
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[r2]q
<r2>s
Oct 15 2023 20:38:24-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[8]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init) 
<r2>s
Oct 15 2023 20:38:24-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[9]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=2Way) 
<r2>s
Oct 15 2023 20:38:24-08:00 r2 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[10]:Neighbor changes ev
ent: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neigh
borEvent=AdjOk?, NeighborPreviousState=2Way, NeighborCurrentState=2Way) 
<r2>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R3配置

<r3>sys 
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r3]ospf 1 r	
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net	
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:39:59-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[0]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:39:59-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[1]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=2Way) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct 15 2023 20:40:01-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[2]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct 15 2023 20:40:01-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[3]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=2Way) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97
Oct 15 2023 20:40:33-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[4]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=AdjOk?, NeighborPreviousState=2Way, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart) 

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:40:33-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[5]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=AdjOk?, NeighborPreviousState=2Way, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:40:33-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[6]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=NegotiationDone, NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exc
hange) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:40:33-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[7]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=NegotiationDone, NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exc
hange) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:40:33-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[8]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=ExchangeDone, NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Loadi
ng) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:40:33-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[9]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.168.192, Neighb
orEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:40:33-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[10]:Neighbor changes ev
ent: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Neigh
borEvent=ExchangeDone, NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Load
ing) 
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
Oct 15 2023 20:40:33-08:00 r3 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[11]:Neighbor changes ev
ent: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Neigh
borEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full) 

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.129 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r3-ospf-1]q
[r3]q
<r3>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated

R4配置（4.4.4.0进行缺省配置）

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.130 25
Oct 15 2023 20:15:47-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 24
[r4-LoopBack0]q
[r4]q
<r4>save
  The current configuration will be written to the device. 
  Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
  It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
  Configuration file had been saved successfully
  Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
<r4>

  Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in time

  Configuration console time out, please press any key to log on

<r4>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[r4]ospf 1 ro	
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 1
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.130 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[r4-ospf-1]default-route-advertise  always
[r4-ospf-1]q
[r4]q
<r4>
Oct 15 2023 20:44:02-08:00 r4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[0]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=129.1.168.192, Neig
hborEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init) 

<r4>
Oct 15 2023 20:44:02-08:00 r4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[1]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=129.1.168.192, Neig
hborEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=2Way) 
<r4>
Oct 15 2023 20:44:02-08:00 r4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[2]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=129.1.168.192, Neig
hborEvent=AdjOk?, NeighborPreviousState=2Way, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart) 
<r4>
Oct 15 2023 20:44:02-08:00 r4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[3]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=129.1.168.192, Neig
hborEvent=NegotiationDone, NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=E
xchange) 
<r4>
Oct 15 2023 20:44:02-08:00 r4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[4]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=129.1.168.192, Neig
hborEvent=ExchangeDone, NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Loa
ding) 
<r4>
Oct 15 2023 20:44:02-08:00 r4 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[5]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=129.1.168.192, Neig
hborEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full)

5，为了保障更新安全，进行手工认证；为了减少路由条目，进行手工汇总，记得配置空接口防环；R4环回不能宣告，全网可达，配置R4缺省路由

R1配置

[r1]int g 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

R2配置

[r2]int g 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

R3配置

[r3]int g 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3]int g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]abr-summary 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.128
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 25 null0

R4配置

[r4]int g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456