ios手势识别_拖动,缩放,旋转,点击,手势依赖,自定义手势

1、UIGestureRecognizer介绍

手势识别在iOS上非常重要，手势操作移动设备的重要特征，极大的增加了移动设备使用便捷性。iOS系统在3.2以后,为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势，提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类，下面的子类是具体的手势，开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。
    • UITapGestureRecognizer  
    • UIPinchGestureRecognizer
    • UIRotationGestureRecognizer
    • UISwipeGestureRecognizer
    • UIPanGestureRecognizer
    • UILongPressGestureRecognizer
上面的手势对应的操作是： 
    • Tap（点一下）
    • Pinch（二指往內或往外拨动，平时经常用到的缩放）
    • Rotation（旋转）
    • Swipe（滑动，快速移动）
    • Pan （拖移，慢速移动）
    • LongPress（长按）

      UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下：

 2、使用手势的步骤

使用手势很简单，分为两步：
1. 创建手势实例。当创建手势时，指定一个回调方法，当手势开始，改变、或结束时，回调方法被调用。
2. 添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View，当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时，如果手势和预定的一样，那就会回调方法。
ps：一个手势只能对应一个View，但是一个View可以有多个手势。
建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便，可能导致你认为手势失效。

3、手势的实例介绍

Pan 拖动手势：

新建一个ImageView，然后添加手势 
UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"gesture"]];
    imageView.frame=CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
    UIPanGestureRecognizer * panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleAction:)];
    [self.imageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
    imageView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;//imageView的交互,默认是关闭的
    imageView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    [self.view addSubview:imageView];

回调方法：
-(void)handleAction:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)recogizer{
    CGPoint translation =[recogizer translationInView:self.view];
    recogizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recogizer.view.center.x + translation.x,recogizer.view.center.y + translation.y);
    [recogizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
}

Pinch缩放手势

UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"gesture"]];
    imageView.frame=self.view.bounds;
    UIPinchGestureRecognizer * pinchGesture = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleAction:)];
    [imageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGesture];
    imageView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;//imageView的交互,默认是关闭的
    imageView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    [self.view addSubview:imageView];
回调方法:
-(void)handleAction:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)recogizer{
    recogizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recogizer.view.transform, recogizer.scale, recogizer.scale);
    recogizer.scale = 1;
}

Rotation旋转手势

UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"gesture"]];
    imageView.frame=self.view.bounds;
    UIRotationGestureRecognizer * rotatation = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:selfaction:@selector(handleAction:)];
    [imageView addGestureRecognizer:rotatation];
    imageView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;
    imageView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    [self.view addSubview:imageView];
回调方法:
-(void)handleAction:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)recogizer{
    recogizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recogizer.view.transform, recogizer.rotation);
    recogizer.rotation = 0;
}

在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧：

可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点，按住alt键，按下触摸板(不按下不行)，这样就可以旋转和缩放了。

添加第二个ImagView并添加手势

记住：一个手势只能添加到一个View，两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了

    

UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
    UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];
           snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);
          dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
    [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
    [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];
  
  for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {
    UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                                                                                       action:@selector(handlePan:)];
    UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                                                                                       action:@selector(handlePinch:)];
    UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self
                                                                                       action:@selector(handleRotate:)];     [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];
    [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
    [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
    [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];
  }
  [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
}

拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)

如何实现呢？
    监视手势是否结束

    监视触摸的速度

- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
  { 
    CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
 recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, recognizer.view.center.y+translation.y);
    [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];
   if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
       CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];
      CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));
      CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
      NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);
      float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
     CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),
                                             recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));
           finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);
           finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);
     [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
                recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
     } completion:nil];  
   }     

代码实现解析：
1. 计算速度向量的长度（估计大部分都忘了）这些知识了。
2. 如果速度向量小于200，那就会得到一个小于的小数，那么滑行会很短
3. 基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点
4. 确保终点不会跑出父View的边界
5. 使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点

运行后，快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路

同时触发两个view的手势

手势之间是互斥的，如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view，那么需要实现协议

 UIGestureRecognizerDelegate，

    @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>

    @end

并在协议这个方法里返回YES。

 -(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer {

 return YES;

}

把self作为代理设置给手势：

    panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;

    pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;

    rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;

这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。

tap点击手势

这里为了方便看到tap的效果，当点击一下屏幕时，播放一个声音。

为了播放声音，我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。
 

- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {
    NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];
    NSError * error;
    AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];
    if (!player) {
      NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);
    } else {
     [player prepareToPlay];
    }
     return player;
}

我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码，添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。

 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

 

#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
 @interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>
 @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;
 @property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;
 @end
 - (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
    [self.chompPlayer play];
 }

运行，点一下某个图，就会播放一个咬东西的声音。

不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷，就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。

怎么解决呢？使用手势的：requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

手势的依赖性

在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码：

[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];  

意思就是，当如果pan手势失败，就是没发生拖动，才会出发tap手势。

这样如果你有轻微的拖动，那就是pan手势发生了。

tap的声音就不会发出来了。

自定义手势

自定义手势继承：UIGestureRecognizer，实现下面的方法：

  – touchesBegan:withEvent:  

 – touchesMoved:withEvent:  

 – touchesEnded:withEvent:  

 -- touchesCancelled:withEvent:  

新建一个类，继承UIGestureRecognizer，代码如下：
.h文件

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
 typedef enum {
    DirectionUnknown = 0,
    DirectionLeft,
    DirectionRight
  } Direction;
  @interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
  @property (assign) int tickleCount;
  @property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;
  @property (assign) Direction lastDirection;
  @end
    .m文件
#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
#define REQUIRED_TICKLES        2
#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE     25
  @implementation HappyGestureRecognizer
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
   UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
   self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];
 }
 - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
    // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
   UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
   CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];
   CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;
   Direction curDirection;
   if (moveAmt < 0) {
    curDirection = DirectionLeft;
    }else{
    curDirection = DirectionRight;
    }
    if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;
     // 确认方向改变了
    if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||
    (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||
    (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
     // 挠痒次数
     self.tickleCount++;
     self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;
     self.lastDirection = curDirection;
     // 一旦挠痒次数超过指定数，设置手势为结束状态
     // 这样回调函数会被调用。
     if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {
            [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];
      }
      }
 }
- (void)reset {
    self.tickleCount = 0;
    self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;
    self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
    if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
      [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];
     }
  }
 - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
   {  
     [self reset];  
   }    
 - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event  
   {  
        [self reset];  
   }  
    @end

调用自定义手势和上面一样，回到这样写：

 - (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{

        [self.hehePlayer play];

    }

手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。
在真机上运行，按住某个view，快速左右拖动，就会发出笑的声音了。
代码解析：
先获取起始坐标：curTickleStart
通过和ticklePoint的x值对比，得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大，如果太则返回。

再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作，如果是则手势结束，回调。

interactivePopGestureRecognizer.delegate

苹果一直都在人机交互中尽力做到极致，在iOS7中，新增加了一个小小的功能，也就是这个api：

self.navigationController.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.enabled = YES;

这个api功能就是在NavigationController堆栈内的UIViewController可以支持右滑手势，也就是不用点击右上角的返回按钮，轻轻在屏幕左边一

滑，屏幕就会返回.

解决Custom backBarButtonItem 后 interactivePopGestureRecognizer失效的问题

这个功能是好，但是经常我们会有需求定制返回按钮，如果手动定制了返回按钮，这个功能将会失效，也就是自定义了navigationItem的leftBarButtonItem，那么这个手势就会失效。解决方法找到两种 

 1.重新设置手势的delegate

 self.navigationController.interactivePopGestureRecognizer.delegate = (id)self;

 2.当然你也可以自己响应这个手势的事件

 [self.navigationController.interactivePopGestureRecognizer addTarget:self action:@selector(handleGesture:)];

有更多方法以后继续补充，这里可以根据自己需要进行选择，如果只是简单定制了返回按钮，第一种最简单，一句代码搞定。