Python基础语法（2）——字典、函数定义使用、控制流（if&for&while）

7.3 字典Dictionary(键值对)

     创建字典： demoDic={ "name" : "Tom" , "age" : 10 , "sex" : 1 }

     查看key对应的Value值： demoDic[ "name" ]

     删除字典中元素： del demoDic[ "name" ]

     清空字典： demoDic.clear()

     向字典中插入新的元素： demoDic[ "school" ]= "XD"

     字典中元素可以是混合数据类型，且Key值不可变，Key元素可以为数字、字符串、元组(tuple)等，不能为List,字典中Key值必须唯一。

8 函数(Funciton)

8.1 函数定义声明

    不带参数及带参数的函数定义 

def  say_hi():

     print ( "hi!" )

say_hi()

say_hi()

def  print_two_sum(a,b):

     print (a+b)

print_two_sum( 3 ,  6 )

def  repeated_strings(str,times):

    repeateStrings=str* 3

     return  repeateStrings

getStrings=repeated_strings( "hello " ,  3 )

print (getStrings)

在函数中声明全局变量使用 global  x

x= 80

def  foo():

     global  x

     print ( "x is " ,str(x))

    x= 3

     print ( "x changed " ,str(x))

foo()

print ( "x is " ,str(x))

8.2 参数

默认参数:调用函数时，未给出参数值，此时使用默认参数

def  repeated_string(string,times= 1 ):

    repeated_strings=string*times

     return  repeated_strings

print (repeated_string( "hello " ))

print (repeated_string( "hello " , 4 ))

默认参数之后的参数也必须是默认参数

关键字参数:在函数调用时，指明调用参数的关键字

def  fun(a,b= 3 ,c= 6 ):

     print ( "a:" +str(a)+ " b:" +str(b)+ " c:" +str(c))

fun( 1 , 4 )

fun( 10 ,c= 8 )

VarArgs参数:参数个数不确定情况下使用

带*参数为非关键字提供的参数

带**参数为含有关键字提供的参数

def  func(fstr,*numbers,**strings):

     print ( "fstr:" ,fstr)

     print ( "numbers:" ,numbers)

     print ( "strings:" ,strings)

func( "hello" , 1 , 2 , 3 ,str1= "aaa" ,str2= "bbb" ,str3= 4 )

9 控制流

9.1 if语句&for循环

if用法

num= 36

guess=int(input( "Enter a number:" ))

if guess==num:

    print ( "You win!" )

elif guess<num:

    print ( "The number you input is smaller to the true number!" )

else :

    print ( " The number you input is bigger to the true number!" )

print ( "Done" )

for用法，其中 range( 1 , 10 )为1-9的数字，不包含10

for i in range( 1 , 10 ):

    print (i)

else :

    print ( "over" )

且for对于List、Tupel以及Dictionary依然适用

a_list=[ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]

for i in a_list:

    print (i)

   

b_tuple=( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 )

for i in b_tuple:

    print (i)

c_dict={ "Bob" : 15 , "Tom" : 12 , "Lucy" : 10 }

for elen in c_dict:

    print (elen+ ":" +str(c_dict[elen]))

9.2 while循环

num= 66

guess_flag= False

while guess_flag== False :

    guess=int(input( "Enter an number:" ))

    if guess==num:

        guess_flag= True

    elif guess<num:

        print ( "The number you input is smaller to the true number!" )

    else :

        print ( "The number you input is bigger to the true number!" )

print ( "You win!" )

9.3 break&continue&pass 

num= 66

while True :

    guess=int(input( "Enter an number:" ))

    if guess==num:

        print ( "you win!" )

        break

    elif guess<num:

        print ( "The number you input is smaller to the true number!" )

        continue

    else :

        print ( "The number you input is bigger to the true number!" )

        continue

pass执行下一条语句，相当于什么都不做

a_list=[ 0 , 1 , 2 ]

print ( "using continue:" )

for i in a_list:

    if not i:

        continue

    print (i)

print ( "using pass:" )

for i in a_list:

    if not i:

        pass

    print (i)