1、基于UDP协议的通信程序
-
什么是UDP,它的优缺点是什么?
UDP:用户数据报协议(无连接的协议)
缺点:不能保证数据的安全与可靠
优点:消耗小,效率高
-
建立基于UDP的网络通讯程序需要使用的类和常用方法
基于UDP的网络通讯程序是不区分客户端和服务器
java.net.DatagramPacket---该类表示数据报包。(打包被发送的数据/接收发来的数据)
构造方法:
DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int length)构造一个DatagramPacket用于接收长度的数据报length。(接收发来的数据的数据包)
DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int length,InetAddress address,int port)构造用于发送长度的分组的数据报包lenght,指定主机上到指定的端口号。(打包被发送的数据)
实例方法:
byte[] getData()返回数据缓冲区
int getLength()返回要发送的数据的长度或接收的数据的长度。
InetAddress getAddress()返回该数据包发送或接收数据报的计算机的IP地址。
int getPort()返回发送数据报的远程主机上的端口号,或从中接收数据报的端口号。
java.net.DatagramSocket 此类表示用于发送和接收数据报数据包的套接字
构造方法
DatagramSocket()---构造数据报套接字并将其绑定到本地主机上的任何可用端口(发包)。
DatagramSocket()---构造数据报套接字并将其绑定到本地主机上的指定端口(收包)。
实例方法
void send(DataramPacket p)从此套接字发送数据报包。
void receive(DatagramPacket p)从此套接字接收数据报包。
void close()关闭此数据报套接字。
-
基于UDP协议的通信程序创建步骤:
发送放步骤:
-
将需要发送的 数据通过
DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int length,InetAddress address,int port)构造方法打包好
-
通过DatagamSocket()的构造方法创建DatagamSocket对象。
-
DatagramSocket对象的send方法将打包好的数据报包,发送。
-
关闭DatagramSocket。
接收方步骤:
-
通过DatagramSocket(int port)创建接收数据的DatagramSocket对象。
-
通过DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int length)创建一个空的数据报包。
-
通过调用接收数据的DatagramSocket对象的receive方法接收数据报包到空的数据报包。
-
解析数据报包。
-
关闭DatagramSocket。
示例:
//示例一:客户端向服务器端发送 //客户端 public class ClientTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //准备需要发送的数据 BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("请输入需要发送的内容:"); String info = bufferedReader.readLine(); byte[] bytes = info.getBytes(); int length = bytes.length; InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); int port = 2000; DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, length, localHost, port); DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(); datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket); datagramSocket.close(); } } //服务端 public class ServerTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //创建接收数据包的DatagramSocket对象 int port = 2000; DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(port); //创建一个空的数据包,DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int length) byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length); //接收数据 datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket); //解析数据 byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData(); int len = datagramPacket.getLength(); String result = new String(data, 0, len); String hostAddress = datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress(); int port1 = datagramPacket.getPort(); System.out.println("接收到来自" + hostAddress + ":" + port1 + " 的信息:" + result); datagramSocket.close(); } }
-
//示例二:可以持续发送接收
public class ClientTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
BufferedReader reader = null;
String sendMsg = null;
InetAddress serverAddress = null;
int serverPort = 2000;
DatagramPacket sendPacket = null;
DatagramSocket sendSocket = null;
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
serverAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
sendSocket = new DatagramSocket();
boolean flag = true;
while (flag) {
System.out.println("请输入需要发送的内容:");
sendMsg = reader.readLine();
sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendMsg.getBytes(), sendMsg.length(), serverAddress, serverPort);
sendSocket.send(sendPacket);
if (sendMsg.equals("exit")) {
flag = false;
}
}
sendSocket.close();
}
}
public class ServerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket receiveSocket = null;
DatagramPacket receivePacket = null;
String receiveMsg = null;
InetAddress clientAddress = null;
int serverPort = 2000;
byte[] data = null;
int len = 0;
int port = 0;
receiveSocket = new DatagramSocket(serverPort);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);
boolean flag = true;
while(flag) {
receiveSocket.receive(receivePacket);
data = receivePacket.getData();
len = receivePacket.getLength();
clientAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();
port = receivePacket.getPort();
String result = new String(data, 0, len);
System.out.println("接收到来自:" + clientAddress.getHostAddress() + ":" + port + "的信息:" + result);
if(result.equals("exit")){
flag = false;
}
}
receiveSocket.close();
}
}
//实例三:双向发送,客户端发送给服务器端,服务器端收到后,响应回信息给客户端
public class ClientTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
BufferedReader reader = null;
String sendMsg = null;
InetAddress serverAddress = null;
int sendPort = 2000;
DatagramPacket sendPacket = null;
DatagramSocket sendSocket = null;
byte[] data = null;
int len = 0;
int receivePort = 3000;
//接收
DatagramSocket receiveSocket = null;
DatagramPacket receivePacket = null;
receiveSocket = new DatagramSocket(receivePort);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
serverAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
sendSocket = new DatagramSocket();
boolean flag = true;
while (flag) {
System.out.println("请输入需要发送的内容:");
sendMsg = reader.readLine();
sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendMsg.getBytes(), sendMsg.length(), serverAddress, sendPort);
sendSocket.send(sendPacket);
//接收
receiveSocket.receive(receivePacket);
data = receivePacket.getData();
len = receivePacket.getLength();
String result = new String(data, 0, len);
System.out.println("服务器响应的信息:" + result);
if (sendMsg.equals("exit")) {
flag = false;
}
}
sendSocket.close();
receiveSocket.close();
}
}
public class ServerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket receiveSocket = null;
DatagramPacket receivePacket = null;
String receiveMsg = null;
InetAddress clientAddress = null;
int serverPort = 2000;
byte[] data = null;
int len = 0;
int port = 0;
//发送
String sendMsg = null;
InetAddress serverAddress = null;
int sendPort = 3000;
DatagramPacket sendPacket = null;
DatagramSocket sendSocket = null;
serverAddress = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
sendSocket = new DatagramSocket();
receiveSocket = new DatagramSocket(serverPort);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
receivePacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);
boolean flag = true;
while(flag) {
receiveSocket.receive(receivePacket);
data = receivePacket.getData();
len = receivePacket.getLength();
clientAddress = receivePacket.getAddress();
port = receivePacket.getPort();
String result = new String(data, 0, len);
System.out.println("接收到来自:" + clientAddress.getHostAddress() + ":" + port + "的信息:" + result);
//发送
sendMsg = "server---" + result;
sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(sendMsg.getBytes(), sendMsg.length(), serverAddress, sendPort);
sendSocket.send(sendPacket);
if(result.equals("exit")){
flag = false;
}
}
receiveSocket.close();
}
}