本来是昨天晚上记下这个笔记的,结果在关门之前都只是完成一半不到,保存的时候还出现问题,可真是
“屋漏偏遇连夜雨”,只好今天从头来过。不过也好,今天从头来过,有新的体会,所谓温故而知新么。
闲话就到此,下面进入正题。
原来接触c++的时候,我就时不时被c++的I/O所困惑,现在想来,c++ I/O比java简洁的多,c++中的File类
直接对应一个文件,要输入/输出直接用它的运算符 "<<"和">>"可以轻松敲定,而java中的I/O功能的完善是
通过类的叠加来完成,来的不直接,容易混乱,因此在看Thinking in java时,不得不多留意I/O System
这章。以防太快忘记,故作下笔记。
在thinking in java 的第三版中的I/O System这章中,开始是用如下两个例程来引出File类的;
//以下例程来自thinking in java (3rd)
//例程1
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.*;
import com.bruceeckel.util.*;
public class DirList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File path = new File(".");
String[] list;
if(args.length == 0)
list = path.list();
else
list = path.list(new DirFilter(args[0]));
Arrays.sort(list, new AlphabeticComparator());
for(int i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
System.out.println(list[i]);
}
}
class DirFilter implements FilenameFilter {
private Pattern pattern;
public DirFilter(String regex) {
pattern = Pattern.compile(regex);
}
public boolean accept(File dir, String name) {
// Strip path information, search for regex:
return pattern.matcher(
new File(name).getName()).matches();
}
} ///:~
在本例程中,先是声明一个File实例,(注意,java 中File类的实例既可以代表一个文件,也可以代表一个目录
(directory)),然后是判断是否存在命令行参数;没有,直接通过File类的list()方法以String数组的方式返回
当前目录下的子目录和文件名,输出到标准输出; 有,则把命令行的参数传给File类另一个重载的list,通过
FilenameFilter来筛选满足要求的目录或文件。list方法原型为list(FilenameFilter filter),例程中运用
类DirFilter来实现接口FilenameFilter,然后通过DirFilter完成筛选工作。FilenameFilter仅有一个accept
方法,并由list()方法对当前目录内的每个文件或目录运用“callback”技术调用,通过accept返回的boolean
值,决定文件或目录是否符合要求。在FilenameFilter类中,运用了Pattern类,这样命令行参数就可以是正则
式,可以筛选满足某一正则式的文件或目录。
//例程2
//: c12:MakeDirectories.java
// Demonstrates the use of the File class to
// create directories and manipulate files.
// {Args: MakeDirectoriesTest}
import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;
import java.io.*;
public class MakeDirectories {
private static Test monitor = new Test();
private static void usage() {
System.err.println(
"Usage:MakeDirectories path1 .../n" +
"Creates each path/n" +
"Usage:MakeDirectories -d path1 .../n" +
"Deletes each path/n" +
"Usage:MakeDirectories -r path1 path2/n" +
"Renames from path1 to path2");
System.exit(1);
}
private static void fileData(File f) {
System.out.println(
"Absolute path: " + f.getAbsolutePath() +
"/n Can read: " + f.canRead() +
"/n Can write: " + f.canWrite() +
"/n getName: " + f.getName() +
"/n getParent: " + f.getParent() +
"/n getPath: " + f.getPath() +
"/n length: " + f.length() +
"/n lastModified: " + f.lastModified());
if(f.isFile())
System.out.println("It's a file");
else if(f.isDirectory())
System.out.println("It's a directory");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
if(args.length < 1) usage();
if(args[0].equals("-r")) {
if(args.length != 3) usage();
File
old = new File(args[1]),
rname = new File(args[2]);
old.renameTo(rname);
fileData(old);
fileData(rname);
return; // Exit main
}
int count = 0;
boolean del = false;
if(args[0].equals("-d")) {
count++;
del = true;
}
count--;
while(++count < args.length) {
File f = new File(args[count]);
if(f.exists()) {
System.out.println(f + " exists");
if(del) {
System.out.println("deleting..." + f);
f.delete();
}
}
else { // Doesn't exist
if(!del) {
f.mkdirs();
System.out.println("created " + f);
}
}
fileData(f);
}
if(args.length == 1 &&
args[0].equals("MakeDirectoriesTest"))
monitor.expect(new String[] {
"%% (MakeDirectoriesTest exists"+
"|created MakeDirectoriesTest)",
"%% Absolute path: "
+ "//S+MakeDirectoriesTest",
"%% Can read: (true|false)",
"%% Can write: (true|false)",
" getName: MakeDirectoriesTest",
" getParent: null",
" getPath: MakeDirectoriesTest",
"%% length: //d+",
"%% lastModified: //d+",
"It's a directory"
});
}
} ///:~
本例程中,主要是运用File类的几个主要方法,如delete(),mkdirs(),renameTo(),getAbsolutePath(),
canRead(),canWrite(),getlength(),getName(),lastModified,getParent(),这些方法都可以从其名字
会其意,可谓“所见即所得”,注意getName()返回的仅是文件名,不包括directory。同时,在我自己测
试renameTo()方法的时候,我遇到一点小问题,希望哪位朋友赐教。
//测试程序
public class TestFileClass2 {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
File f = new File("D://workspace//ThinkingInJava//src//chapter12//TestFileClass2.java");
File newF = new File(f.toURI());
System.out.println("File newF = new File(f.toURI());");
System.out.println(newF.equals(f.getAbsoluteFile()));
File sF = new File("D://workspace//ThinkingInJava//src//chapter12","da1.txt");
File tF = new File("D://workspace//ThinkingInJava//src//chapter12","da2.txt");
File fF = new File("D://workspace//ThinkingInJava//Data.txt");
File sixF = new File(".");
if(!sF.isDirectory())
if(!sF.isFile())
try{
sF.createNewFile();
System.out.println("sF.createNewFile();");
System.out.println(sF.getPath());
}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
else{
System.out.println("sF is a File");
System.out.println(sF.getPath());
}
else{System.out.println("sF is a directory");
System.out.println(sF.getPath());
}
if(!tF.isDirectory())
if(!tF.isFile())
try{
tF.createNewFile();
System.out.println("tF.createNewFile();");
System.out.println(tF.getPath());
}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}
else{
System.out.println("tF is a File");
System.out.println(tF.getPath());
}
else {
System.out.println("tF is a directory");
System.out.println(tF.getPath());
}
System.out.print("System.out.println(sF.renameTo(tF)) ");
System.out.println(sF.renameTo(tF));
System.out.print("System.out.println(sF.renameTo(fF)) ");
System.out.println(sF.renameTo(fF));
System.out.println(sF.canWrite());
System.out.println(fF.canWrite());
System.out.println("deleting sF file");
sF.delete();
System.out.println(sF.exists());
try{
sF.createNewFile();
}catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}
if(sF.exists())
{
System.out.println("recreate sF");
System.out.println(sF.getAbsolutePath());
}
if(sixF.isDirectory()){
System.out.println("sixF is a directory");
for(int i=0; i<sixF.list().length; i++)
System.out.println(sixF.list()[i]);
}
if(sixF.isFile()){
System.out.println("sixF is a file");
}
System.out.println(sixF.getAbsolutePath());
System.out.println(sixF.getName());
}
}
//运行结果为:
File newF = new File(f.toURI());
true
sF is a File
D:/workspace/ThinkingInJava/src/chapter12/da1.txt
tF is a File
D:/workspace/ThinkingInJava/src/chapter12/da2.txt
System.out.println(sF.renameTo(tF)) false
System.out.println(sF.renameTo(tF)) false
true
true
deleting sF file
false
recreate sF
D:/workspace/ThinkingInJava/src/chapter12/da1.txt
sixF is a directory
.project
.classpath
bin
src
IODemo.out
Data.txt
rtest.dat
data1.txt
data5.txt
D:/workspace/ThinkingInJava/.
.
由上面的运行结果可以看出,renameTo()并未完成其功能,希望哪位朋友赐教。
最后,来顺便学习Pattern类和FilenameFilter接口。
FilenameFilter为一接口,里面仅有个boolean accept
(File dir, String name)接口,由接受FilenameFilter接口的实体来“callback”accept,利用accept的
boolean返回值。其实,通过调试,考察File.java源码就会发现,这个“callback”就是在list内部通过
FilenameFilter的实现类调用accept,只是对程序员是透明的而已。
Pattern类中运用的常用是下面的几个方法:compile(String regex),matcher(CharSequence input),
matches(String regex, CharSequence input),matches();其中,CharSequence是一个接口,在java API中的
解释是"A CharSequence is a readable sequence of characters. This interface provides uniform,
read-only access to many different kinds of character sequences. This interface does not
refine the general contracts of the equals and hashCode methods.",由此,也可以把它看字符串,只不
过不能运用equals和hashCode。不要扯远了,话归Pattern类,Pattern的简单运用如如下:
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("a*b");//a*b表示以a开头,b结尾的字符串
Matcher m = p.matcher("aaaaab");
boolean b = m.matches();//返回true
//以上等同于
boolean b = Pattern.matches("a*b","aaaaab");
以上关于File,Pattern,FilenameFilter的学习,其实都是肤浅表面层,记载在此,只是希望能通过这种方式巩固所见。
I/O System (1)(Thinkng in Java)
最新推荐文章于 2024-07-18 16:31:10 发布