2021-07-17

DAY 6

编译器：VS2019；

学习资料
1、B站视频（P28~P34）见链接 【求知讲堂2021C语言/C++视频99天完整版（不断更新中）学完可就业-哔哩哔哩】https://b23.tv/4DzQDY；

指针

指针、空指针和指针的运算

• 练习

#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
	//=============指针基础理解==================
	//int a = 1;
	//int* p = &a;//p=&a

	//printf("a变量的地址为：%p\n", p);
	//printf("a的值为：%d\n", a);
	//printf("a的值为：%d\n", *p);

	//float* p1;
	//double* p2;
	//char* p3;
	//=============================================

	//int* ptr = NULL;//  空指针；NULL指针
	//int* p=0;//  空指针；
	//printf("ptr的地址是：%p\n", ptr);
	//printf("p的地址是：%p\n", p);
	//printf("p的值是：%d\n", *p); // 地址为0的内存，操作系统用的，不指向任何东西

	//if (ptr)// 指针ptr为非空
	//{
	//	printf("hello,world");
	//}
	//if (!ptr)//指针ptr为空
	//{

	//}

		//=============指针的运算==================
	//int array[] = { 1,2,3 };
	//int i;
	//int* p;

	//p = array;//p = & array[2]

	//for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	//{
	//	printf("array[%d] = %p\n", i, p + i);
	//	printf("array[%d] = %d\n", i,*p+i);
	//}

	//======================= 指针的大小比较===================

	int i=0;
	int array[] = { 1,2,3 };
	int* p ;
	const int arrayMaxIndex = 3;

	p = array;

	/*while (p <= &array[arrayMaxIndex-1])
	{

		printf("array[%d] = %p\n", i, p);
		printf("array[%d] = %d\n", i, *p);
		i++;
		p++;
	}*/
	do
	{
		printf("array[%d] = %p\n", i, p);
		printf("array[%d] = %d\n", i, *p);
		i++;
		p++;
	} while (p <= &array[arrayMaxIndex - 1]);

	return 0;

}

指针数组

• 练习

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 3
//const int max = 3;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	int array[] = { 1,2,3 };
	int i;
	int* p[MAX];//指针数组的定义

	/*for (size_t i = 0; i < max; i++)
	{
		printf("array[%d] = %d\n", i, array[i]);

	}*/
	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
	{
		p[i] = &array[i];//指针数组的元素赋值
	}
	//p[0] = array;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
	{
		printf("array[%d] = %d\n", i, *p[i]);
	}
	
	//const char* 表示的是字符串。string，C++，Java，c#
	const char* names[] = { "A","B","C" };//字符串数组
	//char* const NAMES[] = { "a","b","c" };


	//string names[] = {"};
	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
	{
		printf("名字的值为names[%d] = %s\n", i, names[i]);
	}

	return 0;
}

指针的指针

• 练习

#include<stdio.h>


void PoinTerfunction(int* p)
{
	*p = time(NULL);
	return;
}

float FindAverage(int* array, int size)
{
	int sum = 0;
	float avg;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
	{
		sum += array[i];
	}

	avg = (float)sum / size;

	return avg;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv)
{
	/*int a=1;
	int* p1;
	int** p2;

	p1 = &a;

	p2 = &p1;

	printf("a = %d\n", a);
	printf("p1=%p\n", p1);
	printf("*p1=%d\n", *p1);
	printf("p2=%p\n", *p2);
	printf("**p2=%d\n", **p2);*/

	//================== 指针参数=======================
	int sceond;

	PoinTerfunction(&sceond);

	printf("%d\n", sceond);

	int student[3] = { 10,20,30 };

	float avg;

	avg = FindAverage(student, 3);

	printf("平均分数为：%f\n", avg);


	return 0;

}

函数的返回值是指针

• 练习

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int* GetNumber()
{
	static int array[10];//C语言不支持调用函数时返回局部变量的地址，所以加上static

	//seed整合，库函数 
	unsigned int time=NULL;
	srand(time);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
		array[i] = rand();
		printf("%d\n", array[i]);
	}

	return array;
}


int main(int argc, char* argv)
{
	int* p;

	p = GetNumber();

	for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
	
		printf("*(p + %d) = %d\n", i,*(p+i) );
	}


	return 0;
}