专题【树】刷题日记【基础】

题目列表

144. 二叉树的前序遍历
94. 二叉树的中序遍历
145. 二叉树的后序遍历
102. 二叉树的层序遍历
107. 二叉树的层序遍历 II
103. 二叉树的锯齿形层序遍历
105. 从前序与中序遍历序列构造二叉树
106. 从中序与后序遍历序列构造二叉树

144. 二叉树的前序遍历

题目

给你二叉树的根节点 root ,返回它节点值的 前序 遍历。

示例 1:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:root = [1,null,2,3]
输出:[1,2,3]

示例 2:

输入:root = []
输出:[]

示例 3:

输入:root = [1]
输出:[1]

示例 4:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:root = [1,2]
输出:[1,2]

示例 5:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:root = [1,null,2]
输出:[1,2]

提示:

  • 树中节点数目在范围 [0, 100] 内
  • -100 <= Node.val <= 100

进阶: 递归算法很简单,你可以通过迭代算法完成吗?

思路

  1. 递归
  2. 非递归

答案

// 递归
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        helper(result, root);
        return result;
    }

    public void helper(List<Integer> result, TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        result.add(root.val);
        helper(result, root.left);
        helper(result, root.right);
    }
}
// 非递归
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        List<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            stack.addLast(root);
        }
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            TreeNode current = stack.removeLast();
            result.add(current.val);
            if (current.right != null) {
                stack.addLast(current.right);
            }
            if (current.left != null) {
                stack.addLast(current.left);
            }
        }

    
        return result;
    }
}

94. 二叉树的中序遍历

题目

给定一个二叉树的根节点 root ,返回 它的 中序 遍历 。

示例 1:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:root = [1,null,2,3]
输出:[1,3,2]

示例 2:

输入:root = []
输出:[]

示例 3:

输入:root = [1]
输出:[1]

提示:

  • 树中节点数目在范围 [0, 100] 内
  • -100 <= Node.val <= 100

进阶: 递归算法很简单,你可以通过迭代算法完成吗?

思路

  1. 递归
  2. 非递归,模拟栈

答案

// 递归
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        helper(root, result);
        return result;
    }
    
    public void helper(TreeNode root, List<Integer> result) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        helper(root.left, result);
        result.add(root.val);
        helper(root.right, result);
    }
}
// 非递归
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        List<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>();

        while (root != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
            while (root != null) {
                stack.add(root);
                root = root.left;
            }
            TreeNode current = stack.removeLast();

            result.add(current.val);
            if (current.right != null) {
                root = current.right;
            }

        }
        return result;
    }
    
   
}

145. 二叉树的后序遍历

题目

给你一棵二叉树的根节点 root ,返回其节点值的 后序遍历 。

示例 1:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:root = [1,null,2,3]
输出:[3,2,1]

示例 2:

输入:root = []
输出:[]

示例 3:

输入:root = [1]
输出:[1]

提示:

  • 树中节点的数目在范围 [0, 100] 内
  • -100 <= Node.val <= 100

进阶: 递归算法很简单,你可以通过迭代算法完成吗?

思路

  1. 递归
  2. 非递归,和之前一样

答案

// 递归
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        helper(root, result);
        return result;
    }
    
    public void helper(TreeNode root, List<Integer> result) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        helper(root.left, result);
        helper(root.right, result);
        result.add(root.val);

    }
}
// 非递归
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new LinkedList<>();
        List<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>();

        if (root != null) {
            stack.add(root);
        }
        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
            TreeNode current = stack.removeLast();
            result.addFirst(current.val);
            if (current.left != null) {
                stack.addLast(current.left);
            }
            if (current.right != null) {
                stack.addLast(current.right);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

}

102. 二叉树的层序遍历

题目

给你二叉树的根节点 root ,返回其节点值的 层序遍历 。 (即逐层地,从左到右访问所有节点)。

示例 1:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
输出:[[3],[9,20],[15,7]]

示例 2:

输入:root = [1]
输出:[[1]]

示例 3:

输入:root = []
输出:[]

提示:

  • 树中节点数目在范围 [0, 2000] 内
  • -1000 <= Node.val <= 1000

思路

找个队列,用来遍历

答案

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {
        List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
        List<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            queue.add(root);
        }
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            List<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<>();
            int size = queue.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode current = queue.removeFirst();
                temp.add(current.val);
                if (current.left != null) {
                    queue.add(current.left);
                }
                if (current.right != null) {
                    queue.add(current.right);
                }
            }
            result.add(temp);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

107. 二叉树的层序遍历 II

题目

给你二叉树的根节点 root ,返回其节点值 自底向上的层序遍历 。 (即按从叶子节点所在层到根节点所在的层,逐层从左向右遍历)

示例 1:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
输出:[[15,7],[9,20],[3]]

示例 2:

输入:root = [1]
输出:[[1]]

示例 3:

输入:root = []
输出:[]

提示:

  • 树中节点数目在范围 [0, 2000] 内
  • -1000 <= Node.val <= 1000

思路

和上一题一样

答案


/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrderBottom(TreeNode root) {
        List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
        List<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            queue.add(root);
        }
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            List<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<>();
            int size = queue.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode current = queue.removeFirst();
                temp.add(current.val);
                if (current.left != null) {
                    queue.add(current.left);
                }
                if (current.right != null) {
                    queue.add(current.right);
                }
            }
            result.addFirst(temp);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

103. 二叉树的锯齿形层序遍历

题目

给你二叉树的根节点 root ,返回其节点值的 锯齿形层序遍历 。(即先从左往右,再从右往左进行下一层遍历,以此类推,层与层之间交替进行)。

示例 1:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:root = [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]
输出:[[3],[20,9],[15,7]]

示例 2:

输入:root = [1]
输出:[[1]]

示例 3:

输入:root = []
输出:[]

提示:

  • 树中节点数目在范围 [0, 2000] 内
  • -100 <= Node.val <= 100

思路

和层序遍历的区别是,要区分奇偶,控制头插还是尾插

答案

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> zigzagLevelOrder(TreeNode root) {
        List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
        List<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            queue.add(root);
        }
        boolean order = true;
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            List<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<>();
            int size = queue.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode current = queue.removeFirst();
                if (order) {
                    temp.addLast(current.val);
                } else {
                    temp.addFirst(current.val);
                }

                if (current.left != null) {
                    queue.add(current.left);
                }
                if (current.right != null) {
                    queue.add(current.right);
                }
            }
            order = !order;
            result.add(temp);
        }
        return result;
    }
}

105. 从前序与中序遍历序列构造二叉树

题目

给定两个整数数组 preorder 和 inorder ,其中 preorder 是二叉树的先序遍历, inorder 是同一棵树的中序遍历,请构造二叉树并返回其根节点。

示例 1:
在这里插入图片描述

输入: preorder = [3,9,20,15,7], inorder = [9,3,15,20,7]
输出: [3,9,20,null,null,15,7]

示例 2:

输入: preorder = [-1], inorder = [-1]
输出: [-1]

提示:

  • 1 <= preorder.length <= 3000 inorder.length == preorder.length
  • -3000 <= preorder[i], inorder[i] <= 3000
  • preorder 和 inorder 均 无重复 元素
  • inorder 均出现在 preorder
  • preorder 保证 为二叉树的前序遍历序列
  • inorder 保证 为二叉树的中序遍历序列

思路

递归构建,只要搞清楚,每个部分由先序和中序的哪个部分构成就行了

答案

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {
        return buildTree(preorder, inorder, 0, preorder.length - 1, 0, inorder.length - 1);
    }
    
    public TreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder, int preStart, int preEnd, int inStart, int inEnd) {
    	// 结束条件
        if (preStart > preEnd || inStart > inEnd) {
            return null;
        }
      	// 找到本次的根
        int value = preorder[preStart];
        // 找到根在中序的坐标,根据中序的特性,坐标的左边是左子树,右边是右子树
        int inOrderIndex = findIndexInorder(inorder, value);
        // 算一下左子树有几个元素,方便在先序中确认左子树的结束坐标
        int leftNodeSize = inOrderIndex - inStart;
        
        // 看着例一写就行了
        int leftNextPreStart = preStart + 1;
        int leftNextPreEnd = leftNextPreStart + leftNodeSize - 1;

        int rightNextPreStart = leftNextPreEnd + 1;
        int rightNextPreEnd = preEnd;

        int leftNextInStart = inStart;
        int leftNextInEnd = inOrderIndex - 1;

        int rightNextInStart = inOrderIndex + 1;
        int rightNextInEnd = inEnd;

        TreeNode left = buildTree(preorder, inorder, leftNextPreStart, leftNextPreEnd, leftNextInStart, leftNextInEnd);
        TreeNode right = buildTree(preorder, inorder, rightNextPreStart, rightNextPreEnd, rightNextInStart, rightNextInEnd);

        return new TreeNode(value, left, right);
    }

    public int findIndexInorder(int[] inorder, int target) {
        for (int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {
            if (inorder[i] == target) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
}

106. 从中序与后序遍历序列构造二叉树

题目

给定两个整数数组 inorder 和 postorder ,其中 inorder 是二叉树的中序遍历, postorder 是同一棵树的后序遍历,请你构造并返回这颗 二叉树 。

示例 1:
在这里插入图片描述

输入:inorder = [9,3,15,20,7], postorder = [9,15,7,20,3]
输出:[3,9,20,null,null,15,7]

示例 2:

输入:inorder = [-1], postorder = [-1]
输出:[-1]

提示:

  • 1 <= inorder.length <= 3000
  • postorder.length == inorder.length
  • -3000 <= inorder[i], postorder[i] <= 3000
  • inorder 和 postorder 都由 不同 的值组成
  • postorder 中每一个值都在 inorder 中
  • inorder 保证是树的中序遍历
  • postorder 保证是树的后序遍历

思路

和之前一样

答案

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder) {
        return buildTree(inorder, postorder, 0, inorder.length - 1, 0, postorder.length - 1);
    }

    public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder, int inOrderStart, int inOrderEnd, int postOrderStart, int postOrderEnd) {
        if (inOrderStart > inOrderEnd || postOrderStart > postOrderEnd) {
            return null;
        }
        int value = postorder[postOrderEnd];
        int inOrderIndex = find(inorder, value);

        int leftNodeSize = inOrderIndex - inOrderStart;

        int leftInOrderStart = inOrderStart;
        int leftInOrderEnd = inOrderStart + leftNodeSize - 1;
        int rightInOrderStart = inOrderIndex + 1;
        int rightInOrderEnd = inOrderEnd;

        int leftPostOrderStart = postOrderStart;
        int leftPostOrderEnd = leftPostOrderStart + leftNodeSize - 1;
        int rightPostOrderStart = leftPostOrderEnd + 1;
        int rightPostOrderEnd = postOrderEnd - 1;

        TreeNode left = buildTree(inorder, postorder, leftInOrderStart, leftInOrderEnd, leftPostOrderStart, leftPostOrderEnd);
        TreeNode right = buildTree(inorder, postorder, rightInOrderStart, rightInOrderEnd, rightPostOrderStart, rightPostOrderEnd);

        return new TreeNode(value, left, right);
    }

    public int find(int[] inorder, int target) {
        for (int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {
            if (inorder[i] == target) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
}
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