经典问题解析三

经典问题解析三

1、关于赋值的疑问

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什么时候需要重载赋值操作符？编 译器是否提供默认的赋值操作？

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• 编译器为每个类默认重载了赋值操作符
• 默认的赋值操作符仅完成浅拷贝
• 当需要进行深拷贝时必须重载赋值操作符
• 赋值操作符与拷贝构造函数有相同的存在意义

2、代码实例

如何解决？

//36-1.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Test
{
    int* m_pointer;
public:
    Test()
    {
        m_pointer = NULL;
    }    
    Test(int i)
    {
        m_pointer = new int(i);
    }
    Test(const Test& obj)
    {
        m_pointer = new int((*obj.m_pointer));
    }
    Test& operator = (const Test& obj)
    {
        if(this != &obj)
        {
            delete m_pointer;
            m_pointer = new int(*obj.m_pointer);
        }
        return *this;
    }      
    void print()
    {
        cout << "m_pointer= " << hex << m_pointer << endl;
    }
    ~Test()
    {
        delete m_pointer;
    }
};

int main()
{
    Test test1 = 1;
    Test test2;

    test2 = test1;
    test2 = test2;

    test1.print();
    test2.print();

    return 0;
}

//compile,run
$ ./a.out 
m_pointer= 0x20c4e70
m_pointer= 0x20c4e90

3、完善数组类

//IntArray.h
#ifndef _INTARRAY_H_
#define _INTARRAY_H_

class IntArray
{
private:
	int m_legth;
	int* m_pointer;
	IntArray(int len);
	IntArray(const IntArray& obj);
	bool construct();
public:
	int length();
	bool get(int index, int& value);
	bool set(int index, int value);
	static IntArray* NewInstance(int length);
	//void free();
	int& operator [] (int index);
	IntArray& operator = (const IntArray& obj);
	IntArray& self();
	~IntArray();
};

#endif// _INTARRAY_H_

//IntArray.cpp
#include "IntArray.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

IntArray::IntArray(int len)
{
	m_legth = len;
}


bool IntArray::construct()
{
	bool ret = true;
	
	m_pointer = new int[m_legth];

	if(m_pointer)
	{
		for(int i = 0; i < m_legth; i++)
		{
			m_pointer[i] = 0;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		ret = false;
	}

	return ret;
}

IntArray* IntArray::NewInstance(int length)
{

	IntArray* ret = new IntArray(length);

	if(!(ret && ret->construct()))
	{
		delete ret;
		ret = 0;
	}

	return ret;
}


int IntArray::length()
{
	return m_legth;
}

bool IntArray::get(int index, int& value)
{
	bool ret = ((0 <= index) && (index < length()));

	if(ret)
	{
		value = m_pointer[index];
	}

	return ret;
}

bool IntArray::set(int index, int value)
{
	bool ret = ((0 <= index) && (index < length()));

	if(ret)
	{
		m_pointer[index] = value;
	}

	ret;

}

int& IntArray::operator [] (int index)
{
	return m_pointer[index];
}

IntArray& IntArray::self()
{
	return *this;
}

IntArray& IntArray::operator = (const IntArray& obj)
{
	if( this != &obj )
	{
		int* pointer = new int[obj.m_legth];
		if(pointer)
		{
			for(int i = 0; i < obj.m_legth; i++)
			{
				pointer[i] = obj.m_pointer[i];
			}
			m_legth = obj.m_legth;
			delete[] m_pointer;
			m_pointer = pointer;
		}
	}
	return *this;
}

IntArray::~IntArray()
{
	delete[] m_pointer;
}

//main.cpp

#include "IntArray.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    IntArray* a = IntArray::NewInstance(5);   
    IntArray* b = IntArray::NewInstance(10); 


    
    if( a && b )
    {

        IntArray& array = a->self();
        IntArray& brray = b->self();

        cout << "array.length = " << array.length() << endl;
        cout << "brray.length = " << brray.length() << endl;

        array = brray;
        cout << "array.length = " << array.length() << endl;
        cout << "brray.length = " << brray.length() << endl;
    }

    
    delete a;
    delete b;    
    return 0;
}

4、一般性原则

重载复制操作符，必然需要实现深拷贝！！

5、知识点

6、关于string的疑问

下面的代码输出什么？为什么？

string s = "123456";

const char* p =s.c_str();//此处C语言混用，出现野指针

cout << p << endl;

s.append("abcde");//P成为了野指针

cout << p << endl;

要么C语言编程，严么C++编程，千万不能混用！！

7、关于string的另一个疑问

下面的程序输出什么？为什么？

	const char* p = "12345";
    string s = "";
        
    s.reserve(10);

    for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
    {
        s[i] = p[i];
    }
	if( !s.empty() )
    {
    	cout << s << endl;
    }

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

int main()
{

#if 0
    //C语言与C++混用
	const char* p = "12345";
    string s = "";
        
    s.reserve(10);

    for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
    {
        s[i] = p[i];
    }
    for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
    {
        cout << s[i] << endl;
    }

    cout << s << endl;
#else
	const string p = "12345";
    string s = "";

    s = p;

    cout << s << endl;

#endif
    return 0;
}

//compile,run
$ ./a.out 
12345

8、小结

• 在需要进行深拷贝的时候必须重载赋值操作符
• 赋值操作符和拷贝构造函数有同等重要的意义
• string类通过一个数据空间保存字符数据
• string类通过一个成员变量保存当前字符串的长度
• C++开发时尽量避开C语言中惯用的编程思想