基于XML映射文件的Hibernate关联映射
一对一关联映射
一对一映射本质上是一对多映射的一个特例,因此具体操作过程参考一对多映射。
一对多关联映射
Employee.java
package cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity;
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String gender;
private Department dept;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Department getDept() {
return dept;
}
public void setDept(Department dept) {
this.dept = dept;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender+
'}';
}
//注意toString方法不能包含dept
}
Employee.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity">
<class name="Employee" table="employee" catalog="hibernate">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="id"/>
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="name" length="16" not-null="true"/>
</property>
<property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="age"/>
</property>
<property name="gender" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="gender"/>
</property>
<!--多对一-->
<!--
lazy懒加载,在执行employee.getDept时,才会执行sql语句。
立即加载,指在获取employee的时候,就会把dept给获取到。
cascade="all" fetch="join" 设置级联操作
all: 所有情况下均进行关联操作,即save-update和delete。
none: 所有情况下均不进行关联操作。这是默认值。
save-update: 在执行save/update/saveOrUpdate时进行关联操作。
delete: 在执行delete 时进行关联操作。
all-delete-orphan: 当一个节点在对象图中成为孤儿节点时,删除该节点
inverse:指定维护外键的一方
-->
<many-to-one name="dept" column="deptId" class="Department" cascade="all" fetch="join"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Department.java
package cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Department {
private Integer id;
private String deptName;
private Set employeeSet = new HashSet<Employee>();
public Set getEmployeeSet() {
return employeeSet;
}
public void setEmployeeSet(Set employeeSet) {
this.employeeSet = employeeSet;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getDeptName() {
return deptName;
}
public void setDeptName(String deptName) {
this.deptName = deptName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Department{" +
"id=" + id +
", deptName='" + deptName + '\'' +
", employeeSet=" + employeeSet +
'}';
}
}
Department.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity">
<class name="Department" table="dept" catalog="hibernate">
<id name="id" column="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="deptName" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="deptName" length="16" not-null="true"/>
</property>
<!--一对多-->
<!--
key:指定1端的id
inverse的值是boolean值,也就是能设置为true或false。
如果一方的映射文件中设置为true,说明在映射关系(一对多,多对多等)中让对方来维护关系。
如果为false,就自己来维护关系。默认值是true。 并且这属性只能在一端设置。
比如一对多,这个一端。也就是在有set集合的这方设置。
-->
<set name="employeeSet" inverse="true">
<key column="deptId"></key>
<one-to-many class="Employee"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
ManyToOneTest.java
public class ManyToOneTest {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session session;
private Transaction tx;
@Before
public void init(){
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
tx = session.beginTransaction();
}
@After
public void destroy(){
tx.commit();
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
}
/*
增加操作:建议从多的一端操作:
*/
@Test
public void add(){
Employee employee = new Employee();
employee.setName("小李");
employee.setAge(12);
employee.setGender("男");
Employee employee1 = new Employee();
employee1.setName("小王");
employee1.setAge(23);
employee1.setGender("女");
Employee employee2 = new Employee();
employee2.setName("小芳");
employee2.setAge(34);
employee2.setGender("女");
Department department = new Department();
department.setDeptName("销售部");
Department department1 = new Department();
department1.setDeptName("法务部");
employee.setDept(department);
employee1.setDept(department1);
employee2.setDept(department);
// 先增加1的一方,再保存多的一方
// 如果设置了级联操作,那么只需要保存employee即可
// session.save(department);
// session.save(department1);
session.save(employee);
session.save(employee1);
session.save(employee2);
}
@Test
public void delete(){
//先删除
//删除employee
Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class,14);
System.out.println(employee.toString());
session.delete(employee);
//删除department
// Department department=(Department)session.get(Department.class,6);
// session.delete(department);
}
@Test
public void update(){
Employee employee = session.get(Employee.class,13);
System.out.println(employee.toString());
employee.getDept().setDeptName("研发部");
session.save(employee);
}
@Test
public void findOne(){
Employee employee = session.get(Employee.class,13);
System.out.println(employee.getDept().getDeptName());
}
@Test
public void findAll(){
String hql = "from Employee";
List<Employee> employees = session.createQuery(hql).list();
for(Employee employee :employees){
System.out.println(employee.toString());
}
}
}
关于级联操作
inverse属性
- inverse=false,不反转,当前方有控制权,可以清除关系,可以删除,删除的时候会清空外键然后删除。
- inverse=true,反转,对方有控制权
cascade级联
- all:级联保存,更新,删除
- save-update:级联保存,更新
- delete:级联删除
- none:默认值,不级联操作
关于懒加载
一般默认即可,默认的情况是启动懒加载。即在employee.getDept()的时候才会通过sql加载Department
注意
一般在Set一方设置inverse
一般在Set一方的key设置自身作为对方的外键
<one-to-many>和<many-to-many>在set里面,设置自己的外键
多对多关联映射
Student.java
package cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Set courseSet = new HashSet<Course>();
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Set getCourseSet() {
return courseSet;
}
public void setCourseSet(Set courseSet) {
this.courseSet = courseSet;
}
}
Student.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity">
<!--
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private Set courseSet = new HashSet();
-->
<class name="Student" table="student" catalog="hibernate">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="id"/>
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="stuname"/>
</property>
<property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="age"/>
</property>
<set name="courseSet" table="stu_course">
<key column="stuId"></key>
<many-to-many column="cid" class="Course"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
Course.java
package cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Course {
private Integer id;
private String c_name;
private Set stuSet = new HashSet<Student>();
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getC_name() {
return c_name;
}
public void setC_name(String c_name) {
this.c_name = c_name;
}
public Set getStuSet() {
return stuSet;
}
public void setStuSet(Set stuSet) {
this.stuSet = stuSet;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Course{" +
"id=" + id +
", c_name='" + c_name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
Course.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity">
<!--
private Integer id;
private String c_name;
private Set stuSet = new HashSet();
-->
<class name="Course" table="course" catalog="hibernate">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="id"/>
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="c_name" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="cname"/>
</property>
<set name="stuSet">
<key column="cid"></key>
<many-to-many column="stuId" class="Student"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
ManyToManyTest.java
package cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.dao.impl;
import cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity.Course;
import cn.edu.scnu.xmlcurd.entity.Student;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.Set;
public class ManyToManyTest {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session session;
private Transaction tx;
@Before
public void init(){
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
tx = session.beginTransaction();
}
@After
public void destroy(){
tx.commit();
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
}
@Test
public void add(){
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("小王");
stu1.setAge(13);
Student stu2 = new Student();
stu2.setName("小李");
stu2.setAge(23);
Course course = new Course();
course.setC_name("计算机");
Course course1 = new Course();
course1.setC_name("化学");
stu1.getCourseSet().add(course);
stu1.getCourseSet().add(course1);
stu2.getCourseSet().add(course);
course.getStuSet().add(stu1);
course.getStuSet().add(stu2);
course1.getStuSet().add(stu2);
session.save(stu1);
session.save(stu2);
session.save(course);
session.save(course1);
}
@Test
public void delete(){
Student s = session.get(Student.class,1);
System.out.println(s.toString());
Set<Course> courses = s.getCourseSet();
for(Course course:courses){
System.out.println(course.toString());
}
session.delete(s);
}
@Test
public void update(){
Course course = session.get(Course.class,3);
course.setC_name("物理学");
session.update(course);
}
}