recyclerview 测量item原理及item为relativelayout时有情况无法正确measure的问题

一直对recyclerview如何确定item宽高的原理感兴趣，最近遇到一个有意思的问题，记录一下，顺便学习一下recyclerview如何确定item宽高

项目场景：

提示：这里简述项目相关背景：
mainactivity的layout如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="100dp"
        android:id="@+id/rc1"
        />

</LinearLayout>

item的layout如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <RelativeLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:background="@color/black">

        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:layout_marginBottom="0dp"
            android:layout_above="@id/v1"
            android:id="@+id/t1"
            android:text="aaa"/>
    <View
        android:id="@+id/v1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="2dp"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:background="@color/white"
        />

    </RelativeLayout>

MainActivity代码如下：

package com.example.myapplication;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    RecyclerView recyclerView;
    MyAdapter adapter;
    ArrayList<String> lists = new ArrayList<String>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.rc1);
        lists.add("a");
        lists.add("b");
        lists.add("c");
        adapter = new MyAdapter(lists);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
    }

    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        public TextView textView;
        public MyViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            textView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.t1);
        }
    }

    class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyViewHolder> {

        ArrayList<String> lists;

        public MyAdapter(ArrayList<String> data) {
            lists = data;
        }

        @NonNull
        @Override
        public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            View view = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.item_layout, parent, false);
            MyViewHolder viewHolder = new MyViewHolder(view);
            return viewHolder;
        }

        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull MyViewHolder holder, int position) {

        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return lists.size();
        }
    }
}

运行后现，所有item均没有显示，用layoutinspector看了一下，大概布局成了这样子：
可以看到，所有item的textview被放到了recyclerview顶部向上的位置，超出了recyclerview的显示范围，所以没有显示

原因分析：

提示：这里填写问题的分析：
具体分析原因之前，先来看一下recyclerview是如何确定item宽高的。具体那例子中的LinearLayoutManager举例。recyclerview最后的measure工作是交给了layoutmanager的，具体流程这里不再分析，网上有很多文章。
看一下LinearLayoutManager是如何测量item宽高的：
具体调用流程：onLayoutChildren -> fill -> layoutChunk
集中看一下layoutChunk里怎么做的：

 
 void layoutChunk(RecyclerView.Recycler recycler, RecyclerView.State state,
            LayoutState layoutState, LayoutChunkResult result) {
        View view = layoutState.next(recycler);
        if (view == null) {
            if (DEBUG && layoutState.mScrapList == null) {
                throw new RuntimeException("received null view when unexpected");
            }
            // if we are laying out views in scrap, this may return null which means there is
            // no more items to layout.
            result.mFinished = true;
            return;
        }
        RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) view.getLayoutParams();
        if (layoutState.mScrapList == null) {
            if (mShouldReverseLayout == (layoutState.mLayoutDirection
                    == LayoutState.LAYOUT_START)) {
                addView(view);
            } else {
                addView(view, 0);
            }
        } else {
            if (mShouldReverseLayout == (layoutState.mLayoutDirection
                    == LayoutState.LAYOUT_START)) {
                addDisappearingView(view);
            } else {
                addDisappearingView(view, 0);
            }
        }
        measureChildWithMargins(view, 0, 0);
        result.mConsumed = mOrientationHelper.getDecoratedMeasurement(view);
        int left, top, right, bottom;
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
            if (isLayoutRTL()) {
                right = getWidth() - getPaddingRight();
                left = right - mOrientationHelper.getDecoratedMeasurementInOther(view);
            } else {
                left = getPaddingLeft();
                right = left + mOrientationHelper.getDecoratedMeasurementInOther(view);
            }
            if (layoutState.mLayoutDirection == LayoutState.LAYOUT_START) {
                bottom = layoutState.mOffset;
                top = layoutState.mOffset - result.mConsumed;
            } else {
                top = layoutState.mOffset;
                bottom = layoutState.mOffset + result.mConsumed;
            }
        } else {
            top = getPaddingTop();
            bottom = top + mOrientationHelper.getDecoratedMeasurementInOther(view);

            if (layoutState.mLayoutDirection == LayoutState.LAYOUT_START) {
                right = layoutState.mOffset;
                left = layoutState.mOffset - result.mConsumed;
            } else {
                left = layoutState.mOffset;
                right = layoutState.mOffset + result.mConsumed;
            }
        }
        // We calculate everything with View's bounding box (which includes decor and margins)
        // To calculate correct layout position, we subtract margins.
        layoutDecoratedWithMargins(view, left, top, right, bottom);
        if (DEBUG) {
            Log.d(TAG, "laid out child at position " + getPosition(view) + ", with l:"
                    + (left + params.leftMargin) + ", t:" + (top + params.topMargin) + ", r:"
                    + (right - params.rightMargin) + ", b:" + (bottom - params.bottomMargin));
        }
        // Consume the available space if the view is not removed OR changed
        if (params.isItemRemoved() || params.isItemChanged()) {
            result.mIgnoreConsumed = true;
        }
        result.mFocusable = view.hasFocusable();
    }

在第一行首先从recycler里拿出view，之后在调用measureChildWithMargins函数时传入，来看一下这个函数：

 public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int parentSize, int parentMode, int padding,
                int childDimension, boolean canScroll) {
            int size = Math.max(0, parentSize - padding);
            int resultSize = 0;
            int resultMode = 0;
            if (canScroll) {
                if (childDimension >= 0) {
                    resultSize = childDimension;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    switch (parentMode) {
                        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                            resultSize = size;
                            resultMode = parentMode;
                            break;
                        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                            resultSize = 0;
                            resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
                            break;
                    }
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                    resultSize = 0;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
                }
            } else {
                if (childDimension >= 0) {
                    resultSize = childDimension;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = parentMode;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                    resultSize = size;
                    if (parentMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST || parentMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
                        resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
                    } else {
                        resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
                    }

                }
            }
            //noinspection WrongConstant
            return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
        }

默认情况下横向canSroll为false，纵向canScroll为true。这里集中看一下纵向的处理方法，可以看到，在子view也就是item的layout里的root为wrapcontent时，size为0，mode为unspecified。unspecified也就是不限制子view的尺寸，子view可以为任意大小（这里分析的是纵向）。
到这里recyelerview怎么给item测量高度的情况就大致了解一些了。
我们回到relativelayout，看看它是怎么处理这种测量情况的。
看一下RelativeLayout的onMeasure方法：

 @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        if (mDirtyHierarchy) {
            mDirtyHierarchy = false;
            sortChildren();
        }

        int myWidth = -1;
        int myHeight = -1;

        int width = 0;
        int height = 0;

        final int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        final int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
        final int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        final int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

        // Record our dimensions if they are known;
        if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
            myWidth = widthSize;
        }

        if (heightMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
            myHeight = heightSize;
        }

        if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
            width = myWidth;
        }

        if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
            height = myHeight;
        }

        View ignore = null;
        int gravity = mGravity & Gravity.RELATIVE_HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
        final boolean horizontalGravity = gravity != Gravity.START && gravity != 0;
        gravity = mGravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
        final boolean verticalGravity = gravity != Gravity.TOP && gravity != 0;

        int left = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        int top = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        int right = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        int bottom = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

        boolean offsetHorizontalAxis = false;
        boolean offsetVerticalAxis = false;

        if ((horizontalGravity || verticalGravity) && mIgnoreGravity != View.NO_ID) {
            ignore = findViewById(mIgnoreGravity);
        }

        final boolean isWrapContentWidth = widthMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        final boolean isWrapContentHeight = heightMode != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

        // We need to know our size for doing the correct computation of children positioning in RTL
        // mode but there is no practical way to get it instead of running the code below.
        // So, instead of running the code twice, we just set the width to a "default display width"
        // before the computation and then, as a last pass, we will update their real position with
        // an offset equals to "DEFAULT_WIDTH - width".
        final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
        if (isLayoutRtl() && myWidth == -1) {
            myWidth = DEFAULT_WIDTH;
        }

        View[] views = mSortedHorizontalChildren;
        int count = views.length;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            View child = views[i];
            if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                int[] rules = params.getRules(layoutDirection);

                applyHorizontalSizeRules(params, myWidth, rules);
                measureChildHorizontal(child, params, myWidth, myHeight);

                if (positionChildHorizontal(child, params, myWidth, isWrapContentWidth)) {
                    offsetHorizontalAxis = true;
                }
            }
        }

        views = mSortedVerticalChildren;
        count = views.length;
        final int targetSdkVersion = getContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = views[i];
            if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

                applyVerticalSizeRules(params, myHeight, child.getBaseline());
                measureChild(child, params, myWidth, myHeight);
                if (positionChildVertical(child, params, myHeight, isWrapContentHeight)) {
                    offsetVerticalAxis = true;
                }

                if (isWrapContentWidth) {
                    if (isLayoutRtl()) {
                        if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
                            width = Math.max(width, myWidth - params.mLeft);
                        } else {
                            width = Math.max(width, myWidth - params.mLeft + params.leftMargin);
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
                            width = Math.max(width, params.mRight);
                        } else {
                            width = Math.max(width, params.mRight + params.rightMargin);
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (isWrapContentHeight) {
                    if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
                        height = Math.max(height, params.mBottom);
                    } else {
                        height = Math.max(height, params.mBottom + params.bottomMargin);
                    }
                }

                if (child != ignore || verticalGravity) {
                    left = Math.min(left, params.mLeft - params.leftMargin);
                    top = Math.min(top, params.mTop - params.topMargin);
                }

                if (child != ignore || horizontalGravity) {
                    right = Math.max(right, params.mRight + params.rightMargin);
                    bottom = Math.max(bottom, params.mBottom + params.bottomMargin);
                }
            }
        }

        // Use the top-start-most laid out view as the baseline. RTL offsets are
        // applied later, so we can use the left-most edge as the starting edge.
        View baselineView = null;
        LayoutParams baselineParams = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = views[i];
            if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                final LayoutParams childParams = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                if (baselineView == null || baselineParams == null
                        || compareLayoutPosition(childParams, baselineParams) < 0) {
                    baselineView = child;
                    baselineParams = childParams;
                }
            }
        }
        mBaselineView = baselineView;

        if (isWrapContentWidth) {
            // Width already has left padding in it since it was calculated by looking at
            // the right of each child view
            width += mPaddingRight;

            if (mLayoutParams != null && mLayoutParams.width >= 0) {
                width = Math.max(width, mLayoutParams.width);
            }

            width = Math.max(width, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
            width = resolveSize(width, widthMeasureSpec);

            if (offsetHorizontalAxis) {
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    final View child = views[i];
                    if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                        final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                        final int[] rules = params.getRules(layoutDirection);
                        if (rules[CENTER_IN_PARENT] != 0 || rules[CENTER_HORIZONTAL] != 0) {
                            centerHorizontal(child, params, width);
                        } else if (rules[ALIGN_PARENT_RIGHT] != 0) {
                            final int childWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth();
                            params.mLeft = width - mPaddingRight - childWidth;
                            params.mRight = params.mLeft + childWidth;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (isWrapContentHeight) {
            // Height already has top padding in it since it was calculated by looking at
            // the bottom of each child view
            height += mPaddingBottom;

            if (mLayoutParams != null && mLayoutParams.height >= 0) {
                height = Math.max(height, mLayoutParams.height);
            }

            height = Math.max(height, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
            height = resolveSize(height, heightMeasureSpec);

            if (offsetVerticalAxis) {
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    final View child = views[i];
                    if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                        final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                        final int[] rules = params.getRules(layoutDirection);
                        if (rules[CENTER_IN_PARENT] != 0 || rules[CENTER_VERTICAL] != 0) {
                            centerVertical(child, params, height);
                        } else if (rules[ALIGN_PARENT_BOTTOM] != 0) {
                            final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
                            params.mTop = height - mPaddingBottom - childHeight;
                            params.mBottom = params.mTop + childHeight;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (horizontalGravity || verticalGravity) {
            final Rect selfBounds = mSelfBounds;
            selfBounds.set(mPaddingLeft, mPaddingTop, width - mPaddingRight,
                    height - mPaddingBottom);

            final Rect contentBounds = mContentBounds;
            Gravity.apply(mGravity, right - left, bottom - top, selfBounds, contentBounds,
                    layoutDirection);

            final int horizontalOffset = contentBounds.left - left;
            final int verticalOffset = contentBounds.top - top;
            if (horizontalOffset != 0 || verticalOffset != 0) {
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    final View child = views[i];
                    if (child.getVisibility() != GONE && child != ignore) {
                        final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                        if (horizontalGravity) {
                            params.mLeft += horizontalOffset;
                            params.mRight += horizontalOffset;
                        }
                        if (verticalGravity) {
                            params.mTop += verticalOffset;
                            params.mBottom += verticalOffset;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (isLayoutRtl()) {
            final int offsetWidth = myWidth - width;
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                final View child = views[i];
                if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                    final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                    params.mLeft -= offsetWidth;
                    params.mRight -= offsetWidth;
                }
            }
        }

        setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
    }

我们可以看到，RelativeLayout先是调用了sortChildren来给子view排序，在sortChildren中，排好序的view会被放置在mSortedVerticalChildren这个数组中。这里的排序是指根据view相互依赖的关系进行排序。例子中itemlayout里TextView使用了layout_above让自己至于id为v1的view的上方，那么在排序后，id为v1的view就会排在TextView的前面，也就是先Measure id为v1的view，再measure TextView。
之后最主要的是这两句：

 height = Math.max(height, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
 height = resolveSize(height, heightMeasureSpec);

看一下resolveSize这个函数里都做了什么，这是View里的函数，里面调用了resolveSizeAndState函数，看一下这个函数：

public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {
        final int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        final int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
        final int result;
        switch (specMode) {
            case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                if (specSize < size) {
                    result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;
                } else {
                    result = size;
                }
                break;
            case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                result = specSize;
                break;
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            default:
                result = size;
        }
        return result | (childMeasuredState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
    }

由于之前recyclerview给item传递的measuremode是unspecified，所以最后返回的是size，也就是onMeasure函数中的height。
在onMeasure中，height被初始化为0之后，由下面代码赋值：

if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
            myWidth = widthSize;
        }

        if (heightMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
            myHeight = heightSize;
        }

        if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
            width = myWidth;
        }

        if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
            height = myHeight;
        }

由于mode为unspecified，所以height没有被处理，还是0.
之后

if (isWrapContentHeight) {
                    if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
                        height = Math.max(height, params.mBottom);
                    } else {
                        height = Math.max(height, params.mBottom + params.bottomMargin);
                    }
                }

在这里，height被赋值为子view的高度
所以在：

 height = Math.max(height, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
 height = resolveSize(height, heightMeasureSpec);

这个height为子view的高度。

最后确定子view高度的代码如下：

 if (offsetVerticalAxis) {
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                    final View child = views[i];
                    if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                        final LayoutParams params = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                        final int[] rules = params.getRules(layoutDirection);
                        if (rules[CENTER_IN_PARENT] != 0 || rules[CENTER_VERTICAL] != 0) {
                            centerVertical(child, params, height);
                        } else if (rules[ALIGN_PARENT_BOTTOM] != 0) {
                            final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
                            params.mTop = height - mPaddingBottom - childHeight;
                            params.mBottom = params.mTop + childHeight;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

子view的mTop被设置为height - childHeight，根据上面所说的，这里就应该为0了，之后TextView再测量时，由于设置了layout_above的关系，就会超出了显示范围，造成了例子中说的那个现象。

---

解决方案：

提示：这里填写该问题的具体解决方案：
使用确定宽高或者使用其它的rootview。