前提:
首先创建一个maven工程的web项目,把最基本的web环境搭建好。包括包结构…
开始编写SpringMVC入门案例
- 在pom.xml文件中 导入工程需要的坐标
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.lxh</groupId>
<artifactId>day09_springMVC_helloword</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<!--版本锁定-->
<properties>
<maven.compile.source>1.8</maven.compile.source>
<maven.compile.target>1.8</maven.compile.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
- 在web.xml文加中配置SpringMVC所需的控制器组件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<!--配置springMVC前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数,读取springmvc的配置文件,创建spring容器 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--这里为springmvc配置文件的绝对路径-->
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象的时机 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置post请求方式下的中文乱码过滤器(springMVC提供的过滤器类)-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
- 在sources目录下创建SpringMVC的配置文件,文件名可以随便取。例如springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解扫描,以及需要扫描的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.lxh"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置springMVC注解支持,当有自定义转换器的时候,就需要加上conversion-service属性-->
<mvc:annotation-driven ></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--配置springMVC视图解析器,也就是服务器处理业务后跳转的位置以及视图的后缀名-->
<!-- 前缀prefix + 方法返回值 + 后缀suffix 组合为跳转的路径-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
- 在配置的跳转路径下WEB-INF/pages/下创建一个jsp页面。这里取名为success.jsp,用作请求成功之后跳转的页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
入门成功!!!
</body>
</html>
- 编写发送请求的页面
这里以index.jsp为例,里面包含一个a标签,用于点击后发送请求到服务器
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门案例</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/hello">点击入门</a>
</body>
</html>
- 编写SpringMVC的控制类
package cn.lxh.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller //指定该类为springMVC的控制器类
public class HelloController {
//访问路径,path/value可以省略
@RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
public String hello(){
System.out.println("Hello world !");
//返回值为跳转路径的页面名(不要后缀),这里相当于是跳转到WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp页面
return "success";
}
}
以上已经把代码全部编写完毕,下面是发布和访问
- 将项目发布到tomcat
然后点击Deployment配置
- 访问
运行tomcat服务器,显示index.jsp页面后点击a标签。如图显示则入门案例成功
以上就是SpringMVC的入门案例