First Word
Permutation questions provide you with a list of items, and you build, validate and return a combination of these items. The standard solution is to sort the input first, and add items 1 by 1.
Do not try to solve the problems with anything other than the template given below, because otherwise the code is impossible to be bug-free.
Though the code is standard, many question are very difficult, and most of time duplication removal can be tough.
Template
public List<List<Integer>> subsets(int[] num) {
List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
if(num == null || num.length == 0) {
return result;
}
Arrays.sort(num);
subsetsHelper(result, new ArrayList<Integer>(), num, 0);
return result;
}
private void subsetsHelper(List<List<Integer>> result,
List<Integer> list, int[] num, int pos) {
result.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(list));
for (int i = pos; i < num.length; i++) {
list.add(num[i]);
subsetsHelper(result, list, num, i + 1);
list.remove(list.size() - 1);
}
}
Note: 2nd last line “subsetsHelper(result, list, num, i + 1);”.
It’s easy to mistake it as “pos+1” instead of “i+1”, which will result in TLE.
Question list
Additional
Code
Subsets – good example for practise (by applying the model)
public List<List<Integer>> subsets(int[] num) {
List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
if(num == null || num.length == 0) {
return result;
}
Arrays.sort(num);
helper(result, new LinkedList<Integer>(), num, 0);
return result;
}
private void helper(List<List<Integer>> ans, List<Integer> path, int[] num, int position) {
ans.add(new LinkedList<Integer>(path));
for (int i = position; i < num.length; i ++) {
path.add(num[i]);
helper(ans, path, num, i + 1);
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
Permutations
public List<List<Integer>> permute(int[] num) {
List<List<Integer>> ans = new LinkedList<List<Integer>>();
if (num == null || num.length == 0) {
return ans;
}
helper(ans, new LinkedList<Integer>(), num);
return ans;
}
private void helper(List<List<Integer>> ans, List<Integer> path, int[] num){
if (path.size() == num.length) {
ans.add(new LinkedList<Integer>(path));
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < num.length; i ++) {
if (!path.contains(num[i])) {
path.add(num[i]);
helper(ans, path, num);
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
}
Subsets II – good example for practise
We only care how many times we use the duplicate number, we care not the order. So, only 3 lines of code is added based on previous solution.
public List<List<Integer>> subsetsWithDup(int[] num) {
List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
if(num == null || num.length == 0) {
return result;
}
Arrays.sort(num);
helper(result, new LinkedList<Integer>(), num, 0);
return result;
}
private void helper(List<List<Integer>> ans, List<Integer> path, int[] num, int position) {
ans.add(new LinkedList<Integer>(path));
for (int i = position; i < num.length; i ++) {
if (i > position && num[i - 1] == num[i]) {
// if duplicate, only append num[position]
continue;
}
path.add(num[i]);
helper(ans, path, num, i + 1);
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
Permutations II
public List<List<Integer>> permuteUnique(int[] num) {
List<List<Integer>> ans = new LinkedList<List<Integer>>();
if (num == null || num.length == 0) {
return ans;
}
Arrays.sort(num);
helper(ans, new LinkedList<Integer>(), new int[num.length], num);
return ans;
}
private void helper(List<List<Integer>> ans, List<Integer> path, int[] visited, int[] num){
if (path.size() == num.length) {
ans.add(new LinkedList<Integer>(path));
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < num.length; i ++) {
if (visited[i] == 1) {
continue;
}
if (i > 0 && visited[i-1] == 0 && num[i - 1] == num[i]) {
continue;
}
visited[i] = 1;
path.add(num[i]);
helper(ans, path, visited, num);
visited[i] = 0;
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
Combination Sum
public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> combinationSum(int[] candidates, int target) {
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
Arrays.sort(candidates);
helper(ans, new ArrayList<Integer>(), candidates, 0, target);
return ans;
}
private void helper(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ans, ArrayList<Integer> path,
int[] nums, int pos, int target) {
if (target < 0) {
return;
} else if (target == 0) {
ans.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(path));
return;
}
for (int i = pos; i < nums.length; i ++) {
path.add(nums[i]);
helper(ans, path, nums, i, target - nums[i]);
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
Combination Sum II
public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> combinationSum2(int[] candidates, int target) {
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
Arrays.sort(candidates);
helper(ans, new ArrayList<Integer>(), candidates, 0, target);
return ans;
}
private void helper(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> ans, ArrayList<Integer> path,
int[] nums, int pos, int target) {
if (target < 0) {
return;
} else if (target == 0) {
ans.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(path));
return;
}
for (int i = pos; i < nums.length; i ++) {
if (i > pos && nums[i-1] == nums[i]) {
continue;
}
path.add(nums[i]);
helper(ans, path, nums, i + 1, target - nums[i]);
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
Palindrome Partitioning
Naive approach can AC:
public ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> partition(String s) {
ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> ans = new ArrayList<ArrayList<String>>();
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
return ans;
}
helper(ans, new ArrayList<String>(), s, 0);
return ans;
}
private void helper(ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> ans, ArrayList<String> path, String s, int pos) {
if (pos == s.length()) {
ans.add(new ArrayList<String>(path));
return;
}
for (int i = pos + 1; i <= s.length(); i++) {
String sub = s.substring(pos, i);
if (!isPlm(sub)) {
continue;
}
path.add(sub);
helper(ans, path, s, i);
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
private boolean isPlm(String str) {
int left = 0, right = str.length() - 1;
while (left < right) {
if (str.charAt(left) != str.charAt(right))
return false;
left++;
right--;
}
return true;
}
Use DP to optimize the process of palindrome validation.
// palindrome validation optimized with DP
public ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> partition(String s) {
ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> ans = new ArrayList<ArrayList<String>>();
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
return ans;
}
helper(ans, new ArrayList<String>(), s, 0, palindromeMap(s));
return ans;
}
private void helper(ArrayList<ArrayList<String>> ans,
ArrayList<String> path, String s, int pos, boolean[][] palinMap) {
if (pos == s.length()) {
ans.add(new ArrayList<String>(path));
return;
}
for (int i = pos; i < s.length(); i++) {
if (!palinMap[i][pos]) {
continue;
}
path.add(s.substring(pos, i + 1));
helper(ans, path, s, i + 1, palinMap);
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
private boolean[][] palindromeMap(String s) {
int len = s.length();
boolean[][] map = new boolean[len][len];
char[] ss = s.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
for (int j = i; j >= 0; j--) {
if (i == j) {
map[i][j] = true;
} else if (i - j == 1) {
map[i][j] = ss[i] == ss[j];
} else {
map[i][j] = (ss[i] == ss[j]) & map[i - 1][j + 1];
}
}
}
return map;
}
Palindrome Partitioning II
Used above template and got TLE. Turns out, this is a pure DP question.
Skip for now.
Restore IP Addresses
public List<String> restoreIpAddresses(String s) {
List<String> ans = new LinkedList<String>();
if (s == null || s.length() == 0) {
return ans;
}
helper(ans, s, "", 0, 0);
return ans;
}
private void helper(List<String> ans, String s, String path, int pos, int count) {
if (count == 4) {
if (pos == s.length()) {
ans.add(path.substring(1));
}
return;
}
for (int i = pos; i < s.length(); i++) {
if (i - pos >= 3) {
break;
}
if (!isValidNum(s.substring(pos, i + 1))) {
continue;
}
String newPath = path + "." + s.substring(pos, i + 1);
helper(ans, s, newPath, i + 1, count + 1);
}
}
private boolean isValidNum(String str) {
if (str.length() > 1 && str.charAt(0) == '0') {
return false;
}
int num = Integer.parseInt(str);
if (num < 0 || 255 < num) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
Combinations
public List<List<Integer>> combine(int n, int k) {
List<List<Integer>> ans = new LinkedList<List<Integer>>();
if (n == 0 || k == 0 || n < k) {
return ans;
}
helper(ans, new LinkedList<Integer>(), n, k, 1);
return ans;
}
private void helper(List<List<Integer>> ans, List<Integer> path, int n, int k, int pos) {
if (path.size() == k) {
ans.add(new LinkedList<Integer>(path));
return;
}
for (int i = pos; i <= n; i++) {
path.add(i);
helper(ans, path, n, k, i + 1);
path.remove(path.size() - 1);
}
}
Letter Combinations of a Phone Number
public List<String> letterCombinations(String digits) {
List<String> ans = new LinkedList<String>();
if (digits == null) {
return ans;
}
String[] pad = new String[]{
" ","","abc","def","ghi","jkl","mno","pqrs","tuv","wxyz"};
helper(ans, "", pad, digits, 0);
return ans;
}
private void helper(List<String> ans, String path, String[] pad, String digits, int pos) {
if (path.length() == digits.length()) {
ans.add(path);
return;
}
String letters = pad[digits.charAt(pos) - '0'];
for (int i = 0; i < letters.length(); i++) {
path += letters.charAt(i) + "";
helper(ans, path, pad, digits, pos + 1);
path = path.substring(0, path.length() - 1);
}
}
5471
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
