（C++）类与对象——多态基础案例

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多态的优点

1.代码组织结构清晰
2.可读性强
3.利于前期和后期的扩展与维护

一、多态案例1 —— 计算机类

普通写法

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;


class Calculator
{
public:
	int getResult(string oper)
	{
		if (oper == "+")
		{
			return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
		}
		else if (oper == "-")
		{
			return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
		}
		else if (oper == "*")
		{
			return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
		}
		//如果想要扩展新的功能，需要修改源码
		//在真实的开发中，提倡开闭原则
		//开闭原则：对扩展进行开发，对修改进行关闭
		
	}
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};
void test01()
{
	Calculator c;
	c.m_Num1 = 10;
	c.m_Num2 = 10;

	cout << c.getResult("*") <<endl;
}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

多态写法

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;


class AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return 0;
	}

	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};
class AddCalculator : public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
	}
};
class SubCalculator : public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
	}
};
class MultCalculator : public AbstractCalculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
	}
};
void test02()
{
	//多态使用条件
	//父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
	AbstractCalculator * abc = new AddCalculator;
	
	abc ->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc ->m_Num2 = 10;

	cout << abc ->getResult() <<endl;
	//堆区数据，用完记得销毁。
	delete abc;

	abc = new MultCalculator;
	
	abc ->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc ->m_Num2 = 10;

	cout << abc ->getResult() <<endl;
	//堆区数据，用完记得销毁。
	delete abc;
}
int main()
{
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

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二、多态案例2 —— 制作饮品

制作饮品大致步骤：煮水——冲泡——倒入杯中——加入辅料

class BaseDrinking
{
public:
	virtual void Boil () = 0;

	virtual void Brew () = 0;

	virtual void Pour () = 0;

	virtual void Put  () = 0;

	virtual void makeDrink()
	{
		Boil();
		Brew();
		Pour();
		Put();
	}
};
class Coffee : public BaseDrinking
{
	virtual void Boil ()
	{
		cout << "Boiling water" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Brew ()
	{
		cout << "Brewing coffee" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Pour ()
	{
		cout << "Pouring the coffee into the cup" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Put  ()
	{
		cout << "Putting some sugar and mike" << endl;
	}
};
class Tea : public BaseDrinking
{
	virtual void Boil ()
	{
		cout << "Boiling water" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Brew ()
	{
		cout << "Brewing tea" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Pour ()
	{
		cout << "Pouring the tea into the cup" << endl;
	}

	virtual void Put  ()
	{
		cout << "Putting some lemons" << endl;
	}
};

void doWork(BaseDrinking * abs)
{
	abs ->makeDrink();
	delete abs;
}
void test01()
{
	doWork(new Coffee);

	cout << "________________________________________________" << endl;

	doWork(new Tea);
}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

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三、多态案例3 —— 电脑组装

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class CPU
{
public:
	virtual void calculate() = 0;
};
class VideoCard
{
public:
	virtual void display() = 0;
};
class Memory
{
public :
	virtual void storage() = 0;
};
class Computer
{
public:
	Computer (CPU *cpu, VideoCard *vc, Memory *mem)
	{
		m_cpu = cpu;
		m_vc = vc;
		m_mem = mem;
	}
	void work()
	{
		m_cpu ->calculate();
		m_vc ->display();
		m_mem ->storage();
	}
	~Computer()
	{
		if (m_cpu != NULL)
		{
			delete m_cpu;
			m_cpu = NULL;
		}
		if (m_vc != NULL)
		{
			delete m_vc;
			m_vc = NULL;
		}
		if (m_mem != NULL)
		{
			delete m_mem;
			m_mem = NULL;
		}
	}
private:
	CPU *m_cpu;
	VideoCard *m_vc;
	Memory *m_mem;
};
class IntelCpu : public CPU
{
	virtual void calculate()
	{
		cout << "InterCpu is working" <<endl;
	}
};
class IntelVideoCard : public VideoCard
{
	virtual void display()
	{
		cout << "IntelVideoCard is working" <<endl;
	}
};
class IntelMemory : public Memory
{
	virtual void storage()
	{
		cout << "InterMemory is working" <<endl;
	}
};
class LenovoCpu : public CPU
{
	virtual void calculate()
	{
		cout << "LenovoCpu is working" <<endl;
	}
};
class LenovoVideoCard : public VideoCard
{
	virtual void display()
	{
		cout << "LenovoVideoCard is working" <<endl;
	}
};
class LenovoMemory : public Memory
{
	virtual void storage()
	{
		cout << "LenovoMemory is working" <<endl;
	}
};
void test01()
{

	CPU *intelCpu = new IntelCpu;
	VideoCard * intelCard = new IntelVideoCard;
	Memory * intelMem = new IntelMemory;

	Computer *computer1 = new Computer(intelCpu, intelCard, intelMem);
	computer1 ->work();
	delete computer1;
	

	Computer *computer2 = new Computer(new LenovoCpu, new LenovoVideoCard, new LenovoMemory);
	computer2 ->work();
	delete computer2;
	
}
int main()
{
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

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