（C++）模板基础案例

类模板案例

案例描述：

实现一个通用的数组类，要求如下：

1.可以对内置数据类型以及自定义数据类型的数据进行存储。
2.将数组中的数据存储到堆区
3.构造函数中可以传入数组的容量
4.提供对应的拷贝构造函数以及 operator= 防止浅拷贝问题
5.提供 尾插法 和 尾删法对数组中的数据进行增加和删除
6.可以通过下标的方式访问数组中的元素
7.可以获取数组中当前元素个数和数组的容量

MyArray.hpp

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<class T>
class MyArray
{
public:
	MyArray(int capacity)
	{
		//cout << "有参构造调用" << endl;
		this->m_Capacity = capacity;
		this->m_Size = 0;
		this->pAddress = new T[this ->m_Capacity];
		//初始化以及赋值
	}
	~MyArray()
	{
		
		if (this ->pAddress != NULL)
		{
			//cout << "析构调用" << endl;
			delete[] this->pAddress;
			this ->pAddress = NULL;
			//删除并且置空，避免野指针
		}
	}
	MyArray(const MyArray &arr)
	{
		//cout << "拷贝构造调用" << endl;
		this ->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
		this ->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
		//浅拷贝
		//this ->pAddress = arr.pAddress;
	
		//深拷贝
		this ->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];
		for(int i = 0; i < this->m_Size ; i++)
		{
			this ->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
		}
	}
	//operator= 防止浅拷贝问题
	MyArray& operator= (const MyArray& arr)
	{
		//cout << "operator= 调用" << endl;
		if(this ->pAddress != NULL)
		{
			delete[] this->pAddress;
			this->pAddress = NULL;
			this->m_Capacity = 0;
			this->m_Size = 0;
		}

		//深拷贝
		this ->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
		this ->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
		this ->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];
		for(int i = 0; i < this->m_Size ; i++)
		{
			this ->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
		}
		return *this;
	}
	//尾插法
	void Push_Back(const T& val)
	{
		//判断容量是否等于大小
		if(this ->m_Capacity == this ->m_Size )
		{
			return ;
		}
		this ->pAddress[this ->m_Size] = val;
		//在数组末尾插入数据
		this ->m_Size ++ ;
		//更新数组大小
	}

	void Pop_Back()
	{
		//让用户访问不到最后一个元素
		if(this ->m_Size == 0)
		{
			return;
		}
		this ->m_Size--;
	}
	//若返回后还想作为左值去使用，则要返回引用
	//通过下标的方式来访问数组的对象
	T& operator[](int index)
	{
		return this->pAddress[index];
	}
	//返回数组容量
	int getCapacity()
	{
		return this->m_Capacity;
	}
	int getSize()
	{
		return this->m_Size;
	}
	//返回数组大小
private:
	T * pAddress;
	int m_Capacity;
	int m_Size;
};

Template.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "MyArray.hpp"

void printIntArray(MyArray <int>& arr)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++)
	{
		cout << arr[i] << endl;
	}
}
void test01()
{
	//对已有的数据类型进行测试
	MyArray <int>arr1(5);

	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		arr1.Push_Back(i);
	}
	cout << "arr1中的内容是:" << endl;
	printIntArray(arr1);
	cout << "arr1的容量:"	<< arr1.getCapacity() <<endl;
	cout << "arr1的大小:"	<< arr1.getSize() <<endl;
	MyArray <int>arr2(arr1);
	printIntArray(arr2);
	//尾删法
	arr2.Pop_Back();
	cout << "arr2尾删后:"   << endl;
	cout << "arr2的容量:"	<< arr2.getCapacity() <<endl;
	cout << "arr2的大小:"	<< arr2.getSize() <<endl;

}

class Person
{
public:
	Person(){};
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this ->m_Name = name;
		this ->m_Age = age;
	}

	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};
void printPersonArray(MyArray<Person> &arr)
{
	for (int i =0; i < arr.getSize() ; i++)
	{
		cout << "Name :" << arr[i].m_Name << endl;
		cout << "Age  :" << arr[i].m_Age  << endl;
	}
}
void test02()
{
	MyArray<Person> arr(10);
	
	Person p1("xqj",11);
	Person p2("zlz",12);
	Person p3("ylb",13);
	Person p4("yjs",14);

	arr.Push_Back(p1);
	arr.Push_Back(p2);
	arr.Push_Back(p3);
	arr.Push_Back(p4);
	
	cout << "arr中的内容如下" << endl;
	printPersonArray(arr);
	//输出容量和大小
	cout << "arr的容量:"	<< arr.getCapacity() <<endl;
	cout << "arr的大小:"	<< arr.getSize() <<endl;
}


int main()
{
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}